INTRODUCTIONGinseng is one of the famous herbs of all used by mankind as it has been valued for its remarkable therapeutic benefits as an energy tonic by the oriental people since the dawn of their civilization and has a rich and extensive history. Now Ginseng is becoming widely known and used in the West, and like any other Chinese drugs, the authentication of Ginseng must be understood in order to use it widely and appropriately.

246例医院感染患者营养状况的调查

目的为掌握医院感染患者的营养状况,进而了解营养状况与医院感染间的关系.方法回顾调查我院246例医院感染患者的体重、全淋巴细胞计数和血清白蛋白来判断其营养状况.结果医院感染患者中营养不良者占81%,其中重度营养不良者占17%,中度、轻度营养不良者各占32%;营养正常患者仅占19%.从感染部位、感染细菌分析也得到医院感染患者中营养不良率高的结果.结论营养不良是医院感染的一个重要危险因素,营养不良患者是医院感染的易感人群.改善住院患者的营养状况,可能有助于降低医院感染的发生.

Objective:Blood-brain barrier is the key barrier of brain in the innate immune. It can prevent the harmful substances from the blood into the brain. In order to keep the brain in a relatively stable environment and maintain the normal function of the nervous system, it can also pump harmful substances or excess substances outside the brain selectively. Among them, brain microvascular endothelial cell tissue is a key part in the blood-brain barrier's function. The number of the patients with central nervous system ( CNS) diseases increased year by year. The therapeutic drug is usually inhibited by the blood-brain barrier and is difficult to work. Therefore, how to modify the drug and to make it easier to cross the blood brain barrier is the key point to cure CNS. At present, more than 95% research focus only on how nano drugs can enter the cell, the way and efficiency to enter the cell and the research of effect of nano drug etc. For the process of drug carrier in endocytosis, intracellular transport and release and regulation of research are rarely reported. Clathrin and P-glycoprotein are related protein in endo-cytosis and exocytosis with nano drug. Clathrin is located on the plasma membrane. It participates in endocytosis of some nutrients, and maybe the entry into the cell of some drugs. P-glycoprotein is located in the membrane of cer-ebral capillary endothelial cells. It can efflux drugs relying on ATP. Although there is a certain understanding of the cell in the inner swallow and efflux. But the process of the liposome drug is not clear. To solve the above prob-lems, using colloidal gold liposome nano materials to trace liposome's transport and regulation mechanism in brain microvascular endothelial cells, and study endocytosis, release, distribution and regulation mechanism of nano lipo-somes in brain microvascular. The solution of this problem can guide to construct reasonable drug carrier, and look forward to clarifing the molecular basis and mechanism of nano drug carriers across the BBB. This work has impor-tant theoretical and practical significance for the development and application of liposomes in the future. Results:For untreated cerebral microvascular endothelial cells, the cells incubated with colloidal gold liposomes can uptake of liposome colloidal gold, and with the extension of time, there are gold colloids in the plasma membrane, endo-plasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus and lysosomes in order, and finally colloidal gold liposome exports out of the cell. For cerebral microvascular endothelial cells treated by sodium azide, compared with untreated cells, the cells incubated with colloidal gold liposomes, cannot be observed liposome colloidal gold in them. For cerebral microvas-cular endothelial cells treated by reserpine, the cells incubated with colloidal gold liposomes, compared with un-treated cells, colloidal gold liposome cannot export out of the cell. Conclusions:The uptake of liposomes in brain microvascular endothelial cells require clathrin's participation. The excretion of liposomes from brain microvascular endothelial cells require P-glycoprotein's participation. After colloidal gold liposome entering brain microvascular endothelial cells, it moves into the endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus and lysosomes in order. Finally colloi-dal gold liposome exports out of the cell.

加强临床实验室与临床的交流建立全面质量管理体系

质量管理是临床实验室管理的核心,是实验室生存发展的前提,特别是2002年我国出台的<关于民事诉讼证据的若干规定>中明确指出"举证倒置",这对提高临床实验室质量管理提出了更高的要求.实验室检查是临床诊疗工作中一个基本环节,其工作质量要靠临床医护人员和检验人员共同努力来保证.广大医护人员有必要了解临床实验室的工作程序,并与检验医师与技术人员一起,加强检验与临床交流与合作,共同建立完善的临床实验室全面质量管理体系.

重视乳腺影像学检查技术和诊断水平的普及与提高为降低我国乳腺癌发病率而努力

乳腺癌是当前威胁妇女生命健康常见的恶性肿瘤.目前,我国乳腺癌的发病率虽然低于欧美国家,但在发达城市乳腺癌的发病率以每年3%的速度递增,在北京、上海等大城市,乳腺癌成为妇女常见的恶性肿瘤.新的资料显示,上海女性乳腺癌的发病率为55.92/10万,上海中心城区妇女乳腺癌的发病率已达70.13/10万(2005年统计资料)[1].随着生活方式的逐渐西化和人口老龄化时代的到来等因素影响,乳腺癌发病率近几年呈现出逐步增高的趋势.未来10年,就全国以及农村而言,我国仍属于乳腺癌低发国家和地区,但受经济发展和环境因素的影响,城市地区乳腺癌的标化发病率将继续升高.因此乳腺癌的防治工作任重道远[1].

注重医用X光机维护保养延长设备使用寿命

X光机属大型、贵重专用医疗设备,随着现代化技术的不断发展,X光机越来越多地被应用到医疗诊断中.如何使x光机更长期、有效地发挥其效能,已越来越受到大家的关注.因此,加强对医用X光机的日常维护、保养,就成为设备维修及使用人员需要共同重视的问题.设备维修及使用人员不仅要了解设备的原理、结构、技术指标和操作技能,更要严格遵守操作规程,正确掌握使用方法,做好日常维护、保养工作.这样才能充分发挥设备效能,减少设备故障率,延长设备使用寿命.

重症肝病患者自杀心理障碍分析及疏导方法探讨

Background:Suicide is an much severe public hygiene problem. It was reported that suicidal rate in our country was 22.2 per hundred thousand each year(1993).One third of which was caused by their own diseases.Patients of severe hepatitis B suffer severe conditions of the disease with protracted course. It is easy for the patients to have severe psychonosema and suicide occurs.If the abnormal mood of the patients could be found early, the suicide might be avoided,and the patient might get rehabilitation earlier. Objective:To analyze the suicidal causes of the patients of hepatitis B and to study the method of treatment or persuation. Unit:Dept.of Hepatitis,the Sixth People's Hospital of Hangzhou Subjects:9 suicidal cases by falling from high place at the Dept. of Hepatitis B of the Sixth People's Hospital from 1991 to 2000 include 6 men and 3 women, with mean age of (36.7± 10.27) years(23～ 56 years) who were all diagnosed as chronic severe hepatitis with mean protracting course of (5.6± 4.2) years(2～ 11 years).The shortest inpatient time was 1 day,the longest was 228 days.7 of them were married.Their included 4 workers ,4 peasantsand individual trader.Their educational levels included 5 graduates from high school,4 from junior middle school.They all fell from the ward building for suicide. Intervention:The psychonosema were analysed by analyzing the patients'words,letters and their behavior before their suicides.Psychological therapy against these psychonosema were studied in order to avoid more suicide happen. Results:(1)Causes of suicides:One patient had symptoms of psychosis such as hallucination and delusional thinking disturbance.8 patients felt hopeless in curing the disease.4 cases had stress in family relationship. 3 cases could not endure body pain. 6 cases could not endure the heavy economic burden.Love relationship stopped because of the disease in 1 case.(2) Manifestations before their suicides 6 patients had insomnia, emotional lability,anxiety,pessimism and worldweariness in their words.They used to cry secretly.2 cases showed excessive care about their family with special exceted emotion.3 cases used to refered to psychological persuation.(3)Methods of psychological persuation:Physicians should have strong responsibility for their patients.They should understand patients' psychological state besides manage the primary diseases.Once psychological disorder occurred,psychological intervention should be administered immediately.If necessary,family members should participated the intervention.To let patients realize the impact of diseases.Physicians should help patients to clear anxiety and courage them to overcome the condition.Physicians should discuss the management project with patients.For patients with depression,monitoring should be focused.Consultation should be performed on severe patients.Environment surrounding patients should be improved.24-hour care should be carried out by family members. Conclusion:Delayed recovery of somatic diseases and drastic affliction will make patients loss the confidence,and hence exaggerate economical condition.Paradox within family will result severely psychological disorder and suicide.So,necessary psychological intervention is feasible.

糖尿病患者的心理卫生状况调查

Because of long term course and lots of complications,diabetics have greater pressure both physically and psychologically.There were less reports about psychological features and problems which may be exist.So this study investigate 52 patients with diabetes and in order to understand psychological health level and subsequent psychological problems.

缺氧缺血性脑病患儿的家庭康复护理1例报告

GENERAL DATAChild, male, aged two months. The patient was diagnosed having severeasphyxia and having no breathing and heartbeat when born. And thechild was diagnosed as hypoxic-isehemic encephalopathy, hydro-cephalus and gray syndrome through B ultrasonic wave and CT com-bined with kinds of biochemical examintations after emergency treat-ment in Department of Pediatrics of our hospital. The physical exami-nation showed weakness of left body, slight astrophy of left lower limbmuscle, head deviate leftly, increasing of muscular tension of rightlower limb, both ears having no response for voice and swelling ofsliverand spleen. Function of silver: the level of Bilirubin, indirectbilirubin and direct bilirubin all increased. The patient had poor nu-trition and became thin extremely. But because of some reason thechild was not recruited in hospital and only got regular fol-low-up. Rehabilitation treatment: (1)Support of family in psychology:The family was instructed to do exercises in order to find detailed re-actions of every facet in time such as aimling, head not deviating leftand left upper limb straight. So the family can enjoy the happiness ofrehabilitation. The family should be given enough encouragement, thenwill have enough confidence to overcome any difficulty in the course oftreatment. (2) The changes of patient should be observed carefullywhen hyperbaric oxygenation was given, which included shortness ofbreath, irritability and nasal blood et al. If the above changes oc-curred, the treatment stopped. (3) Physical therapy: Child was given atouching of whole body every day and the action should be performedgentally. Results: After two months of treatment gray syndrome wascured and sliver and spleen were restored normal. After five and a halfmonths, both ears had response for voice and hearing was restorednormal after six months. When aged two and a half years, the intelli-gence and motion of limhs reached normal range and the musculartension of limhs improved slightly. The recovery was satisfactory.

辛伐他汀对糖尿病性骨质疏松患者骨密度和骨转换的影响

INTRODUCrIONMany basic and clinical experiments showed that drugs of statinsmight stimulate proliferation and differentiation of osteoblast andmight be used as an effective drug to treat osteoporosis. We usedsimvastatin (one kind of drugs of statins) to treat cases with dia-betic osteoporosis for 3 months, observed and compared each indexbefore and after treatment in order to observe its effects on boneformation.

颅外颈动脉斑块的类型对缺血性脑梗死的影响

Background: Falling of carotid artery arteriosclerosis plaque is one of reasons of transient cerebral ischemia and cerebral infarction. We utilize color double function ultrasound scanner to detect extracranial carotid artery in order to analyze its effect on ischemic cerebral infarction.

pSVPoMcat微基因修饰雪旺细胞脊髓内移植对操作脊髓再生的影响

Objective In order to observe the role of genetically modified Schwann cell (SC) with pSVPoMcat in the regeneration of injured spinal cord.Method The cells were implanted into the spinal cord.Ninety SD rats were used to establish a model of hemi- transection of spinal cord at the level of T8,and were divided into three groups,randomly, that is,pSVPoMcat modified SC implantation(Group A), SC implantation(Group B),and without cell implantation as control(Group C).After three months the presence of axonal regeneration of the injured spinal cord was examined by means of horseradish peroxidase(HRP)retrograde labeling technique and stereography.Result The results indicated that HRP labeled cells in Group A and B could be found in the superior region of injured spinal cord and the brain stem such as the red nuclei and oculomotor nuclei. The density of ventral horn neurons of the spinal cord and the number of myelinated axons in 100 μ m of the white matter was A >B >C group.Conclusion In brief,the pSVPoMcat modified SC intraspinal implantation could promote regeneration of the injured spinal cord.

多伴有神经性耳聋的中国人线粒体基因突变 糖尿病特点分析

Objective To detect mitochondrial gene 3243 A to 1507 Chinese and analyze their clinical characteristics.Methods Classical PCR－ RFLP was used to detect the mutation and statistical analysis was performed on the data after stratification in accordance with presence or absence of diabetes.Results (1)In this study,prevalence of mitochondrial gene 3243 A to G mutation was 1.16～ 1.20％ .(2)Compared with MDM(mitochondrial diabetes),M－ NGT(normal glucose to lerance with mutation)showed no significant difference in body fat parameters,blood lipid and C－ peptide except for early onset and hearing loss(P=0.0028).(3)Compared with type 2 DM,MDM presented characteristics of early onset,weight loss,hearing loss,islet cell function decrease and maternal hereditary.Conclusion Follow－ up should be given to the carrying the mitochondrial gene 3243 A to G mutation but presenting generally normal clinical manifestation in order to give the patient in－ time diagnosis and treatment.

经颅三维多普勒技术对脑震诊断、疗效及愈后的评估

Objective In order to offer a noninvasive and objective examination method for assessing the clinical diagnosis and eurative criterion of concussion patients, the patients color three - dimensional transcranial doppler( 3D - TCD) characteristic at deferent phases, parameter and clincal manifestation were studied Method Parameter of Median Cerebral Artery(MCA), Base Artery(BA), the average peak forwand velocity of cerebral blood flow, train figure were tested by 3D - TCD within 24 hours, 3 - 6 days and at the end of treatment, respectively. The results were compared with clinical diagnoses and curative criterion. Result Among 135 patients who had clinically diagnosed concussion, agreeable diagnoses 101 cases, basically agreeable diagnooses 12 cases, disagreeable diagnosis 22 cases(16. 2%) .At the end of treatment, according to clinical determination 96 cases(71.1%) were cured, 39 cases(28.9%) were improved. Wave train character, figure and diagnoses prameter of cerebral spasm caused by concussion were suggested Conclusion To be one of the diagnostic bases and curative criterion, 3D- TC D technology is performable. Meanwhile, it is a new testing objective technique for assessing curative and determining prognosis.

同化激素对S180实体瘤小鼠生存期及血浆TNF-α的影响

目的:探讨同化激素对荷瘤小鼠生存期的影响,以期为临床采用同化激素疗法增加蛋白质合成及增加体质量、改善癌性恶病质状态提供理论依据. 方法:建立 S180实体瘤小鼠模型,给予康力龙灌胃,用放免法测定血中肿瘤坏死因子( TNF-α)水平,观察小鼠生存期. 结果 :S180实体瘤小鼠康力龙实验组平均生存天数为( 28± 5) d,而对照组平均生存时间为 (24± 6) d,两组间比较无显著差异( t=1.814,P >0.05).正常小鼠组血浆 TNF-α水平为 (1.66± 0.20) μ g/L, 对照组为 (1.73± 0.26) μ g/L,实验组为 (1.73± 0.24) μ g/L,各组水平相似,统计学上无显著差异. 结论 :在本实验条件下,同化激素康力龙对 S180荷瘤小鼠生存期未见显著影响. TNF-α与 S180小鼠恶病质发生、发展关系不突出,同化激素也未见显著影响 S180小鼠循环中 TNF-α的水平.

保护大隐静脉提高冠脉搭桥成功率的对策

冠脉搭桥术(CABG)是对患有严重冠脉疾病患者采取的外科手术治疗方法.严重左主干病变、三支病变、二支病变累及前降支近段或左室功能受损,对巨大或壁薄室壁瘤,内科药物治疗不理想或内科介入治疗后再狭窄者都应积极选择冠脉搭桥[1].

制备吉非替尼的起始化合物6－羟基－7－甲氧基－3，4－二氢喹唑啉－4－酮与3－吗啉代丙基氯的反应性研究

未经保护的制备吉非替尼的起始化合物6－羟基－7－甲氧基－3，4－二氢喹唑啉－4－酮与少于两倍量的3－吗啉代丙基氯反应时生成4－或6－位单取代的化合物，当与大于两倍量的3－吗啉代丙基氯反应时生成4－和6－位双取代的化合物。

积极推进药品集中招标采购切实减轻群众药品费用负担

为提高医院药品采购透明度,纠正药品购销中的不正之风,保证药品质量,降低药品采购价格,减轻群众不合理负担,我省自1999年12月起,开展了药品集中招标采购改革.一年来,完成了三次药品集中招标采购,由第一次招标采购时仅为省人民医院1家,扩大到现在的12家医院,三次招标,共采购药品319种,采购金额共计5 300万元.目前正在开展第四次药品集中招标采购,参加招标的医疗机构扩大到县及县以上公立综合性医院、专科医院、中医院和妇幼保健院(所、站),招标药品700多种,采购金额约8000万元.

The role of interventional radiology in trauma

IntroductionInterventional Radiology has evolved into a specialty having enormous input into the care of the traumatized patient. In all hospitals, regardless of size, the Interventional Radiologist must consider their relationships with the trauma service in order to quickly and efficiently render aid to the trauma victim. Such consideration should take place in the light of day as it seems that most trauma occurs in the middle of the night or another inconvenient time. The watchwords of trauma IR are speed and efficiency.

兔脑出血灶周围脑组织bFGF,VEGF及TNF-α的表达

Intracerebral hemorrhage frequently occurs in nervous system diseases, and le ads to secondary cerebral lesion, such as ischemia, edema of perihematomal brain r egions and the biochemical change of the cell. Recent studies have confirmed tha t cytokines such as basic fibroblast growth factor(bFGF), vascular endothelial g r owth factor(VEGF) and tumor necrosis factor(TNF-α) are involved in the pathoge n esis of cerebral hemorrhage. In nervous system, positive expressions of bFGF and TNF-α are in neurons and astrocytes, and that of VEGF is in vascula r endothelial cells. The content of bFGF protein in brain regions is different a t different time after brain injuries. There was no literature about detectin g the expressions of bFGF, VEGF and TNF-α protein in the perihematomal brain r egion s after intracerebral hemorrhage. Using immunohistochemical technique,the author detected the expressions of bFGF,VEGF and TNF-α in the perihematomal brain re g ions in order to research the pathological mechanism of intracerebral hemorrhage.