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Objective To determine the prevalence of ocular trauma and the proportion of blindness and visual impairment due to trauma in a rural population in northern China.
Methods The Handan Eye Study is a population-based cross-sectional study that surveyed 6830 Chinese people aged 30+years from 13 randomly selected villages in Yongnian County, city of Handan, Hebei Province, in July, 2006. All participants underwent a standardized interview and extensive examinations. A structured questionnaire was used to collect information on ocular trauma.
Results Of the 5837 participants who filled out the questionnaire, 124 subjects [2.1%;95%confidence interval (CI), 1.8%-2.5%] reported a history of ocular trauma in either eye, including 19 (0.3%) persons reporting trauma in both eyes. Men were more likely to have an eye injury than women [odds ratio (OR), 3.3;2.2-4.9]. In multiple logistic regression models, ocular trauma was significantly more frequent among normotensive participants when compared with hypertensive participants (hypertensive vs. normotensive:OR, 0.6;0.4-0.9) and among participants who had a history of falls (OR, 2.4;1.2-4.8). The proportion of unilateral visual impairment and unilateral blindness due to trauma were 10.5% (13 subjects) and 21.0%(26 subjects), respectively.
Conclusion Our study reports the prevalence of severe ocular trauma among adults in rural China, revealing a high proportion of blindness and visual impairment due to trauma. These findings suggest the need for educational strategies to increase eye health awareness in this rural population with focus on providing at least appropriate first aid care to reduce blindness due to trauma. -
246例医院感染患者营养状况的调查
目的为掌握医院感染患者的营养状况,进而了解营养状况与医院感染间的关系.方法回顾调查我院246例医院感染患者的体重、全淋巴细胞计数和血清白蛋白来判断其营养状况.结果医院感染患者中营养不良者占81%,其中重度营养不良者占17%,中度、轻度营养不良者各占32%;营养正常患者仅占19%.从感染部位、感染细菌分析也得到医院感染患者中营养不良率高的结果.结论营养不良是医院感染的一个重要危险因素,营养不良患者是医院感染的易感人群.改善住院患者的营养状况,可能有助于降低医院感染的发生.
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AIM To examine hepatitis C in hepatocellular carcinoma in most endemic area, Guangxi, China.METHODS Immunochemistry was performed on formalin fixed, paraffin embedded tissue sections. A total202 specimens were analysed from the high, intermediate and low HCC prevalent regions of Guangxi.RESULTS The distribution of positive hepatitis C cases from high, intermediate and low regions wasrespectively 24/63 (38%), 23/62 (37%) and 30/77 (39%), with a total of 77/202 (38.12%).CONCLUSION Hepatitis C virus is an important risk factor in the development of hepatocellularcarcinoma, but the regional difference in prevalence of this cancer is more likely influenced by hepatitis Bviral infection and aflatoxin B1 exposure. In Guangxi, infection of hepatitis B and C virus in thedevelopment of hepatocellular carcinoma may be greatly enhanced by exposure to aflatoxin.
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Background Hyperhomocysteinemia (prevalent in rural northern China)is an emerging risk factor for arterial endothelial dysfunction in CAD, which can be improved with folic acid supplementation. Such homocysteine-lowerying dosage of folio acid ( < 1 mg/d ) can reduce restenosis after PTCA, but not the cardiovascular events.Folic acid has additional vascular protection in antixidation, NO synthase protection, angiogenesis-promotion and cytokines reduction.
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The apolipoprotein E geneε4 allele is considered a negative factor for neural regeneration in late-onset Alzheimer’s disease cases. The aim of this study was to establish a non-invasive, rapid method to genotype apolipoprotein E gene polymorphisms. Genomic DNA from mouth swab specimens was extracted using magnetic nanoparticles, and genotyping was performed by real-time PCR using TaqMan-BHQ probes. Genotyping accuracy was validated by DNA se-quencing. Our results demonstrate 100%correlation to DNA sequencing, indicating reliability of our protocol. Thus, the method we have developed for apolipoprotein E genotyping is accurate and reliable, and also suitable for genotyping large samples, which may help determine the role of the apolipoprotein Eε4 allele in neural regeneration in late-onset Alzheimer’s disease cases.
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Hyperhomocysteinemia and abnormal blood lipids are independent risk factors for stroke. However, whether both factors exert a synergistic effect in the onset of stroke remains unclear. The present study is a retrospective analysis of 2 089 cases of stroke and 2 089 control cases of simple inter-vertebral disk protrusion using a paired multivariate logistic regression method. Adjusting for known confounding variables including the patients’ age, gender, smoking status, alcohol consumption status, patient and family medical history, and clinical biochemical indices, elevated homocysteine level was related to the onset of stroke. Patients with elevated homocysteine levels and abnormal blood lipids showed a 40.9%increase in the risk for stroke compared to patients with normal ho-mocysteine levels and blood lipids (odds ratio 1.409;95%confidence interval 1.127-1.761). These results indicate that elevated homocysteine and abnormal blood lipids exert synergistic effects in the onset of stroke. Patients with elevated homocysteine levels and abnormal blood lipids are predis-posed to stroke.
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糖尿病--冠心病的高危因素
2型糖尿病(DM)患者发生心血管疾病的相对危险率通常是一般人群的3~5倍,冠心病是2型DM患者的主要死因.许多患者刚被诊断为2型DM时就已经存在冠心病,并且早在糖耐量异常(IGT)时,心血管疾病的危险性就已经增加.在一项为期7年的人群调查中,DM患者首次心肌梗塞(MI)或死亡的发生率为20%,非DM患者只有3.5%;有MI史发生再梗塞或心血管死亡者,DM组为45%,非DM组为18.8%,无MI的DM患者其后发生急性冠脉事件的危险与非DM的MI患者相似.因此,人们提出了DM为冠心病等危症的新观点.冠心病的传统危险因素包括高血压、高胆固醇血症、吸烟、DM及家族史等,其中DM、高胆固醇血症、高血压和吸烟被认为是重要的.然而,对传统危险因素的研究尚不足以解释DM患者冠心病发生的高危险性.大量的研究表明,在DM合并冠心病的发病过程中,存在着一些独立于冠心病传统危险因素以外的因素.
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糖尿病的治疗进展(六)第六节糖尿病与心血管高危因素之间的关系
一、糖尿病与心血管疾病之间的关系来自UKPDS的数据显示,在任一收缩压水平上,新诊断的糖尿病患者的MI事件的发生率为小血管事件的两倍,说明MI在2型糖尿病早期较常见.同时,收缩压与MI及小血管事件相关性的斜率相似1.
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冠心病不良生活方式及危险因素的临床意义研究进展
我国近年来冠心病(Coronary Heart Dicease,CHD)发病和死亡率有升高趋势,据统计,心血管疾病死亡率已跃居首位,而冠心病是常见的心血管疾病之一.不良生活方式对冠心病的发生有重要影响,体力活动少、吸烟、高盐高脂饮食等不良生活方式是冠心病发生的独立危险因子,与高血压、高血清胆固醇或高低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)血症、糖尿病与胰岛素抵抗、超重肥胖一起被确认为与不良生活方式相关的CHD传统危险因素;年龄、性别、早发心血管病家族史则被认为是不可改变的CHD传统危险因素.
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改良压疮危险因素评估表在绝对卧床病人中的应用研究
对于进行肾实质切开取石和肾部分切除手术病人和一些肾外伤病人,活动不当是继发性出血的关键的因素 [1],因此需绝对卧床休息时间不等,长需4周.压疮绝大多数是可以预防的,但并非全部.病人绝对卧床时,处于平卧位,躯干和双下肢不能活动,身体压力直接作用于受压部位的皮肤,很难避免压疮的发生.我科护士在Norton和Waterlow的压疮危险因素评估量表的基础上进行改良,应用于52例绝对卧床的病人,进行压疮风险因素的评估,根据不同的风险病人进行个体化的围术期预防和护理,有效地降低了压疮的发生率.现介绍如下.
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血清脂蛋白(α)水平与脑梗死发病相关性分析
Background: Lipoprotein (α ) is a type of lipoprotein with special structure, including apoA, B, C etc. Recent studies showed that increasing apoA in serum was closely correlative to cerebral infarct and other athrosclerotic diseases, and was an independent risk factor.
关键词: 血清脂蛋白 脑梗死 发病 Risk factor Type of -
关于急性冠脉综合征的范畴以及与心理危险因素相关的思考
心绞痛或心肌梗死均属于冠心病中的一个类型,这一点已为众所周知,但近年来经常出现"急性冠脉综合征(Acute Coronary Syndrome,ACS)"一词,据2000年出版的医学院5年制的教科书中提出,ACS约占冠心病的30%[1],而在2年后出版的硕士生专用教科书中提出ACS已占冠心病的50%以上[2].由于冠心病是当前常见而且是死亡率高的一种心血管疾病,ACS又占冠心病的50%以上,因此有必要明确有关ACS发生发展的概念.
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控制多重危险因素,降低心血管病死亡率
心血管病(CVD)是导致人类病残和死亡的主要疾病,其发生与心血管病的危险因素(cardiovascular risk factor)有密切关系.CVD的危险建立在心血管事件链基础上,由心血管危险因素产生靶器官损害,主要是动脉粥样硬化或左心室肥厚,然后导致冠心病及脑卒中事件,直至心力衰竭和死亡.这个概念的重要意义之一在于有助于更深刻地认识到应该通过控制心血管多重危险因素来减少CVD.
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Analysis of pathogenesis and risk factors associated with retinopathy of prematurity
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Objective To determine the predictors and risk factor of thrombus in left atrium among aged patients with chronic atrial fibrillation.
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阻塞型睡眠呼吸暂停可增加卒中和死亡风险
关键词: 阻塞型 睡眠呼吸暂停 中和 死亡风险 Risk factor -
Mitogenic and Anti-apoptotic Effects of Insulin in En-dometrial Cancer Cells Are Phosphatidylinositol 3-ki-nase/Akt Dependent
Background and objective Endometrial carcinoma is the most common gynecologic malignancy in the world. Although the insulin-resistant state or hyperinsulinemia was recently suggested as a potent risk factor for endometrial carcinogenesis and progression, there is only limited supporting evidence and the mechanism is unclear. In this study, we explored the roles of phosphatidylinositol 3-k/nase (PI3K)/Akt signaling pathway in the response of a human endometrial cancer cell line, Ishikawa3-H-12 cells, to insulin.Methods The Ishikawa 3-H-12 cells were serum-starved and then stimulated by insulin at various concentrations and for different time periods. To identify the insnlin-mediated signal pathway in the cells, LY294002, a selective inhibitor of PI3K, was used. The proliferation and the apoptotic rates were determined with methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) and flow cytometric assays, respectively.Results The insulin receptor positive Ishikawa 3-H-12 cells had enhanced proliferation upon insulin stimulation in a rinse-and time-dependent manner. The growth promoting effect of insulin was blocked when the cells were pre-incubated with LY294002 for 60 rains.Insulin was able to protect the cells from serum-starvation-induced apoptosis in a concentration-dependent manner, while the anti-apoptotic effects of insulin was reversed by adding LY294002. Treatment with insulin at 1 μM for 15 rain resulted in an increased level of activated Akt The insulin-induced Akt activation was inhibited by LY294002 in a dose-dependent manner.Conclusion Insulin activates PI3K/Akt signaling pathway and is a mitogenic and anti-apoptotic agent for Ishikewa 3-H-12 endometrial cancer cells.