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高频超声联合彩色多普勒在乳腺肿块诊断中的价值
目的:探讨高频超声联合彩色多普勒诊断乳腺肿块中的价值.方法:对112例乳腺肿块行高频超声联合彩色多普勒检查,以对其鉴别.结果:本组112例乳腺肿块中,小乳腺癌的彩色血流信号检出率为99%,动脉血流检出率为94%,良性肿块的彩色血流信号检出率为68%,动脉血流检出率为65%,二者差别明显.结论:高频超声联合彩色多普勒诊断检测为乳腺癌的早诊提供了方便,提高诊断率.[关犍词]高频超声联合彩色多普勒;乳腺肿块;诊断价值
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Objective. To evaluate the Plasmodium falciparum CTL epitope vaccines in HLA class I allele specific human cell lines that have high frequency among Chinese population. Methods. Synthesized oligonucleotides encoding for P.f. CTL epitope genes, constructed eukaryotic expression plasmids, transfected the minigenes into HLA class I allele specific human cell lines and identified endogenous expressing of the minigenes by RT-PCR and HLA stabilization assay. Results. Two mini-genes encoding Plasmodium falciparum CTL epitopes were designed and cloned, respectively, into an eukaryotic expressing vector to form TR26 which was restricted to HLA-B51, SH6 which was restricted to HLA-A2.1, and TS, which had the two aforementioned mini-genes fused in tandem. All of these CTL epitope genes were transfected and endogenously expressed in respective cell lines containing appropriate HLA molecules. The obviously increased expressions of HLA class I molecules were detected in the transfected cell lines. It was demonstrated that the two discrete Plasmodium falciparum epitope genes were effectively processed and presented, and the close proximity of the two epitope genes in one chain as in mini-gene TS did not interfere with the processing and presenting of each epitope gene in corresponding cell line. Conclusion. A successful expression and presentation of multiple CTL epitope mini-gene in MHC class I allele specific human cell lines were demonstrated by an in vitro assay, which could be corresponding to the vaccination of CTL vaccines in people with different MHC I molecules. This work also suggested the possibility of constructing a multiple CTL epitope plasmodium falciparum DNA vaccine that could cover most of Chinese population.
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肿瘤病人体外高频热疗的护理体会
电磁波在医疗领域的应用越来越广泛[1],我院应用的是频率为13.56 MHz的体外高频热疗机,其原理是高频电磁场将人体作为媒介在高变电场作用下被反复极化,分子间碰撞摩擦产生剧烈运动,其电能转换成热能,组织温度升高在42~45 ℃,使肿瘤细胞加快缺氧、缺血、过酸、溶酶体增多等,从而加强对肿瘤细胞的破坏[2],是恶性肿瘤病人术后放化疗后又一种新型综合治疗方法.现将其护理体会总结如下.
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内镜下高频电切联合激光治疗颈段食管癌支架置入术后再发狭窄的护理
食管癌内支架置入术后肿瘤侵及颈段堵塞上口引起再发狭窄病人,因吞咽障碍而不能正常进食,全身情况极差,多呈现恶病质,病变已广泛转移,身体状况根本不能耐受手术及常规放疗、化疗[1,2].因支架将缩咽肌撑开,使其不能收缩,病人无法吞咽,故不能于肿瘤堵塞上口再次放置食管支架,此种情况下各种镜下治疗手段作为姑息治疗唯一选择,可达到通畅食管、解除梗阻、提高生活质量、延长病人生存期[3]的目的.我科2007年1月-2010年10月对10例颈段食管癌支架置入术后再发狭窄病人行内镜下高频电切联合激光治疗,并给予精心护理,取得满意效果,现将护理介绍如下.
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升结肠息肉内镜下高频电凝摘除术后大出血1例
1 病例介绍病人,男,18岁,2个月前无明显诱因出现大便不规律,便秘、腹泻反复交替发作,便秘时3 d 1次,质干量少;腹泻时1 d2次或3次,偶有下腹隐痛不适,无阵发性加重及放射性疼痛,大便无脓血及里急后重感.遂来我院就诊,门诊结肠镜检查提示:升结肠息肉.在完善相关辅助检查后,门诊内镜下行升结肠息肉高频电凝摘除术.术后收至入院,入院体检:体温36.4℃、呼吸20/min、血压18.6/10.6 kPa.入院后立即给予止血、抗感染、保护肠黏膜、补液等对症治疗.术后41 h病人出现鲜红色血便8次,量约1 200mL,立即行止血、扩容及在内镜下止血治疗后出血无明显缓解,病人自觉肠鸣,无明显心悸.测脉搏120/min,呼吸23/min、血压13.3/8.6 kPa.请外科医生会诊后急转外科行结肠切开缝扎止血术.术后给予腹腔引流、胃肠减压、输血、止血、抗感染、补液等治疗.外科手术后病人病情稳定,未发生新的病情变化,术后14 d治愈出院.
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高频透热联合化疗治疗恶性肿瘤110例护理观察
随着肿瘤发病率的逐年增加,肿瘤治疗的手段也逐步得到完善和发展.近年来,应用高温治疗肿瘤已取得良好疗效.这是因为肿瘤组织散热慢,使得肿瘤组织的温度高于肿瘤临近正常组织,同时肿瘤细胞对高热敏感,因此高热在杀灭肿瘤细胞的同时对正常组织无损伤作用,成为继手术、放疗、化疗之后又一新的肿瘤治疗方法.我科自2004年10月至今采用高频透热辅助联合化疗治疗恶性肿瘤病人110例,取得满意效果.现将护理体会总结如下.
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体内携带金属物病人手术中高频电刀的应用及护理
高频电刀应用于医疗手术,可加快手术进程,减轻医务人员劳动强度,减少或避免手术出血,减轻病人痛苦,因此受到病人的普遍认同,并广泛应用于临床[1].高频电刀是一种利用高频电流对人体组织直接进行切割止血或烧灼的高频大功率的电气设备,对安全要求极为严格,一旦出现问题除一般的高低频灼伤,还可能造成一些暂时难以觉察的影响,甚至导致生命危险,不仅给病人带来痛苦也会引发医疗纠纷.携带金属植入物的手术病人进行手术需要使用高频电刀,如何避免出现安全事故,又能使手术顺利进行,对此我们做了一些探讨.现将结果报告如下.
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微波治疗慢性咽痛的效果观察
Background: Microwave is a kind of magnetic wave with high frequency. It produces pyretic effect when it acts on biological tissue, which will be propitious to the absorption of inflammation and edema of pharyngeal tissue, enhance the tissue blood circulation as well as the metabolism and immune function.
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微波凝固术改善慢性鼻炎鼻通气功能的作用
BACKGROUND: The character of chronic hypertrophic rhinitis is localized proliferation and hypertrophy of mucosa and submucosa with longterm blocked nose, headache, dizziness, reduced olfaction that will seriously influence work, study and life. Conservertive therapy by conchae injection is limited. Microwave is a kind of high frequency electromagnetic wave which therapeutic effects are heat effect and nonheat effect.
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新生儿高频振荡通气的护理管理
高频振荡通气(HFOV)是用小于或等于解剖死腔的潮气量,高的通气频率,在较低的气道压力下进行通气的一种特殊的通气方法.它以很小的潮气量,很小的肺泡压力.达到满意的每分钟通气量,使临床应用更安全.一般用于经常频呼吸机治疗效果欠佳的新生儿呼吸衰竭、新生儿呼吸窘迫综合征(NRDS)、胎粪吸入综合征(MAS)等患儿.虽然HFOV和常频通气的护理都属于人工气道的护理范畴,但由于通气方式不同,护理方法也有其特殊性.结合我院病例及有关HFOV的报道文献,将HFOV的护理方法进行总结,现报道如下.
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内镜下黏膜切除与高频电凝切除治疗结肠息肉并发症的比较
随着内镜微创治疗技术的发展,内镜下高频电切除术早已成为结肠息肉的首选治疗措施,内镜下黏膜切除是近年来为了诊断和治疗胃肠道的扁平隆起性病变,在内镜下高频电切基础上发展起来的一种新切除技术.本文通过对传统的高频电凝切除及内镜下黏膜切除治疗结肠息肉并发症进行比较, 以评价两种方法在内镜治疗中的应用价值.
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对一例高频所致职业性损伤诊断问题的探讨
国家卫生部、劳动保障部印发的《职业病目录》,规定我国的法定职业病有10类115种.荆州市疾病预防控制中心职业病防治所在2005年收治的职业病患者和可疑职业病患者(观察对象)中,尚未纳入《职业病目录》的约占五分之一.其中1例为"目录"未予列入、但有明确职业接触史可进行工伤伤残鉴定的对象,该所未能从临床上作出确切的职业性损伤的诊断结论.为探讨该职业性损伤的诊断问题,特予报道.
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肌电图诊断先天性巨结肠症的评价
先天性巨结肠症(HD)的辅助诊断方法除X线检查和直肠活组织检查外,近年来相继开展了肛门直肠测压检查,直肠粘膜乙酰魈碱酯酶组织化学(简称组化)检查,红细胞乙酰胆碱酯酶活性测定,以及直肠肛管肌电图(简称肌电图)检查.
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高位无肛术后肛门控制力的随访
本文报告68例高位无肛术后肛门括约肌功能随访结果.随访时间1~24年.均系作腹会阴肛门成形术.排便功能优组29例,良组17例,差组22例.肛直肠测压证实所有失禁病例,其内括约肌均缺如,外括约肌电图及钡灌肠摄片说明其外括约肌及耻骨直肠肌功能均丧失.建议高位无肛者拟先作结肠造瘘,待1岁后再行骶腹会阴肛门成形术.判断术后终能否控制排便,常须在青春期才能定论,故完全失禁者至少超过术后五年而症状毫无改善者,方可施行修补或替代控制肛门手术.
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The Predictive Value of Chromosome 8p Deletion for Metastasis of hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Summary of 10 Years' Works
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) represents an extremely poor prognos-tic cancer, which is mainly due to the high frequency of metastasis/recur-rence after surgical operation.
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1 Clinical observationsGaojushen is a novel anti-cancer drug developed by Xiehe Bio-pharmaceutical Company,Shenyang, China. It is prepared and processed from the filtrate of Staphylococcus aureus culture. The active component contained in it has been shown to be a SEC superantigen that is a metabolite of the culture.This superantigen is marked by its ability to stimulate T cells at a high frequency, thereby giving rise to potent cell-mediated immunological responses and producing a large variety of cytokines with the final rsult of apoptosis of tumor cells. The drug was approved for trial prodoction in 1994 by the Center of the State Evaluation and Review of New Drugs,China,and was licenced for marketing by 1996 after finishing the phase III clinical trial.