首页 > 文献资料
-
In the United States, in order to market a prescription drug product studies need to be conducted to demonstrate safety and efficacy.
关键词: the United States -
Occupational Therapy Evaluation for Stroke Adults in the United States
Of the 700,000 people in the United States who experience a new or recurrent stroke each year, more than 500,000 survive(American Stroke Association, 2007)[1]. Occupational therapy practitioners are critical rehabilitation professionals for stroke survivors.
-
How To Become A Model Center of Medical Rehabilitation——The Experience of the Kessler Institute for Rehabilitation
In this article I will describe a model medical rehabilitation center in the United States based on my experience as the Medical Director of the Kessler Institute for Rehabilitation (KIR) located in West Orange,New Jersey.KIR has three integrated distinct missions:patient care,education,and research.It is a 336-inpatient bed facility (three separate locations) that runs at approximately 95%occupancy.In 2012,6896 individuals were admitted for care.The patient ages are from 18 to 109 with an average age of 69.Forty five percent of the patients were male and 55% were female.KIR,West Orange,is a freestanding hospital that owns and operates its own X-ray and laboratory facilities.
-
Nutrition support in the United States, what is the current practice?
Clinical nutrition in the United States encompasses a vast continuum of nutrition: from the process of identification of malnutition to the management and prevention of obesity. This presentation with focus on the current pratice of nutrition support in the United States. Nutrition support is the provision of specially formulated and/or delivered parenteral or enteral nutrients to maintain or restore optimal nutrition status.
-
AFP及GP73的联合检测与肝细胞癌早期诊断和复发监测
IntroductionHepatocellular carcinoma ( HCC) is one of the most prevalent malignancies worldwide,with an increasing incidence in the United States and Europe, and the third most common cause of cancer-related death worldwide[1-2] .Based on the GLOBOCAN 2008 estimates, about 748 300 new liver cancer cases and 695 900 cancer deaths occurred worldwide in 2008 ,collected and made available by the World Health Organization ( WHO) [3].
-
美国新修订的慢性乙型肝炎抗病毒治疗规范(节译)
HBeAg阳性患者治疗HBeAg阳性慢性HBV感染的获批一线药物有:阿德福韦、恩替卡韦、干扰素α-2b、拉米夫定和聚乙二醇干扰素α-2a.
-
作为一门新兴的、发展的专业,听力学当前的目标和需要
It has been estimated that 12.7% of the population of the United States has a communication disorder of one type or another. With a population of 300 million, that represents over 38 million people with a communication disorder! The 12.7% as a whole, is further broken down as follows: voice disorders (1.6%), fluency or stuttering disorders (1.0%), articulation disorders (.94%), language disorders (.73%), aphasia or neurologically based speech disorders (.7%), clefts of the palate and lips (.13%)and finally, hearing disorders at 7.1% (ASHA,1995).Extrapolation of statistics is always a questionable thing to do, but if that were done, 12.7% of China′s population would yield 127 million people with a communication disorder and 71 million with a hearing impairment! Granted,these are estimates and based on national statistics from another country. But, the country of comparison has one of the finest health care systems in the world and keeps extremely accurate records. It is not unreasonable to project that the statistics for China may reveal an even greater problem.
-
从美国教育听力学到我国听障儿童的听能管理
第二次残疾人抽样调查结果显示我国有听力残疾人2780万,其中0~6岁听力残疾儿童13.7万[1].听力学是为听障人群提供服务的重要技术支持,虽然近些年听力学在我国发展很快,但和一些发达国家相比还有较大差距,没有成为一个独立的学科体系,听力师极度缺乏,听力学人员结构和知识水平参差不齐.
-
Hearing loss (HL) is the most common sensory disorder, affecting all age groups, ethnicities, and gen-ders. According to World Health Organization (WHO) estimates in 2005, 278 million people worldwide have moderate to profound HL in both ears. Results of the 2002 National Health Interview Survey indicate that nearly 31 million of all non-institutionalized adults (aged 18 and over) in the United States have trouble hearing. Epidemiological studies have estimated that approximately 50%of profound HL can be attributed to genetic causes. With over 60 genes implicated in nonsyndromic hearing loss, it is also an extremely het-erogeneous trait. Recent progress in identifying genes responsible for hearing loss enables otolaryngologists and other clinicians to apply molecular diagnosis by genetic testing. The advent of the $1000 genome has the potential to revolutionize the identification of genes and their mutations underlying genetic disorders. This is especially true for extremely heterogeneous Mendelian conditions such as deafness, where the muta-tion, and indeed the gene, may be private. The recent technological advances in target-enrichment methods and next generation sequencing offer a unique opportunity to break through the barriers of limitations im-posed by gene arrays. These approaches now allow for the complete analysis of all known deafness-causing genes and will result in a new wave of discoveries of the remaining genes for Mendelian disorders. This re-view focuses on describing genotype-phenotype correlations of the most frequent genes including GJB2, which is responsible for more than half of cases, followed by other common genes and on discussing the im-pact of genomic advances for comprehensive genetic testing and gene discovery in hereditary hearing loss.
-
KEY POINTS■ Cardiovascular disease continues to be the number one cause of death in the United States.
-
Cervical Spine Alignment and Motion in the Acute Management of Potential Catastrophic Cervical Spine Injuries in Sport
The incidence of spinal cord injury in the United States is estimated to be 11,000 new cases each year[1].Sport participation constitutes the fourth most common cause[1](approximately 8. 7%) of these injuries overall but is the second most common cause for those under the age of 30[2]. The majority of all cervical spine injuries since 2000 have occurred in individuals between the ages of 16 and 30[1].
-
美国药典委员会工作体系浅析及思考
药品作为特殊商品,无论是在中国还是美国,药典组织都是所在国家早成立的标准化组织。中美两国药典委员会的合作可以追溯到上世纪80年代,伴随我国医药产业“走出去”战略需要,中美两国药典会于2008年在美国马里兰州美国药典会总部正式签署合作备忘录,双方的合作也在近几年巩固加深。与相对成熟的美国市场环境相比,我国的药品市场环境存在着巨大的复杂性、多变性和不确定性因素,因此,在学习国外先进的药品标准监管理念、措施,完善我国药品标准的同时,绝不能简单照抄照搬,而是要立足国情,践行适用于我国的药品标准科学监管理念,这样,创造有中国特色的国家药品标准监管模式才能成为现实。
-
美国青少年药物滥用和精神障碍共患的流行病学研究进展
近的抽样调查发现,青少年药物滥用已成为美国一个严重的公共卫生问题.2/3的美国人认为当今青少年面临的大问题就是药物滥用,对其关注程度远胜于暴力、犯罪、性行为等其他问题[1].药物滥用会给人们带来方方面面的不良影响,包括身体健康状况下降、死亡率上升、家庭和社会问题、低水平教育和就业障碍,犯罪率上升[2-4].让这一现实更为复杂的是,很多患药物滥用障碍(SUD)的青少年同时患有严重的精神障碍.
-
白云机场可疑炭疽事件和对航空旅行的影响
Objective: The anthrax panic first occurred in the United States in Oct., 2001 was rapidly spread worldwide within a very short period. Like other international airport in the world, there were the same suspicious events occurred in the Baiyun International Airport, Guangzhou during the period.This paper aimed to discuss the factors affecting the air travel and the effective measures to lessen the panic in the related population when this kind of suspicious anthrax event occurred.
-
What Makes a Good Doctor?
Introduction In the United States and I suspect in all parts of the world, a good doctor is an individual who, in addition to training in their area of interest, i.e., family practice, internal medicine, or a subspecialty area, has participated actively in the educational programs relating to their training which make them eligible to take examinations in those areas (if they are available) and pass them.All physicians generally like to have some procedural skills,but the most important part of their skills relate to their cognitive knowledge which in the long term insures optimal patient care.
-
恶性胶质瘤的治疗:综合方案的进展
第一部分中枢神经系统肿瘤(central nervous system tumors)一、流行病学特征(epidemiological features)中枢神经系统原发肿瘤,从高度恶性胶质瘤和原始神经外胚层肿瘤到良性脑膜瘤、神经瘤及垂体腺瘤,可表现出不同的生物学行为.根据来自美国脑肿瘤注册中心(Central Brain Tumor Registry of the United States,CBTRUS)的新报告,每年新诊断的原发脑恶性肿瘤的人数为7.30/10万人.美国脑肿瘤注册中心2005年报告新诊断的中枢神经系统原发肿瘤患者为21 690例,死亡12760例.胶质瘤占神经系统原发肿瘤的42%,占恶性肿瘤的77%.胶质瘤起源于不同的组织类型,包括少突胶质细胞瘤、星形细胞瘤、混合型少突星形细胞瘤,表现为不同的恶性程度,而且均具有向高度恶性转化的趋势,其中多形性胶质母细胞瘤(glioblastoma multiforme,GBM)为成人中常见的并具有浸润性的原发脑肿瘤.
-
美国不同时期肺栓塞的发病变化提供了当前对肺栓塞过度诊断的证据
计算机断层扫描肺动脉造影术(CTPA)是诊断肺栓塞的金标准.虽然该项技术对肺栓塞的诊断正确率非常高,但是由于该项技术对肺栓塞的诊断过于敏感,是否会发现一些临床上并无太大意义的肺栓子,而导致临床过度诊断和过度治疗呢?Wiener博士为此进行了研究,通过对美国国内住院患者死亡病因数据库中的资料进行分析,评估运用CTPA诊断技术对美国肺栓塞发生率、死亡率、治疗并发症的影响.评估分为两个阶段,第一阶段为1993-1998年(CTPA尚未应用于临床)、第二阶段为1998-2006年(临床已应用CTPA诊断肺栓塞).结果发现第一阶段每年肺栓塞的发病率并未发生改变(从58.8/10万上升至62.3/10万,平均年上升率为0.5%,P =0.64),而第二阶段肺栓塞发病率大幅上升(从62.3/10万大幅上升至112.3/10万,年上升率7.1%,P <0.001).
-
美国护士资格考试的分析及其反拨效应
语言测试对外语学习有着反拨效应,特别会体现在一些权威性的考试中.现通过对CGFNS考试(美国护士资格考试)的性质、目的、范围、内容的分析,从语言测试的角度指出负面反拨效应产生的因素以及如何提高正面反拨效应.
-
利福平联合吡嗪酰胺治疗潜伏性结核感染会引发危及生命的严重肝损
20世纪80年代起,由于AIDS流行等原因,结核疫情开始回升.为了降低高危人群中活动性结核菌感染的患病率,医学界建议对高危人群的潜伏性结核感染(latent tuberculosis infection,LTBI)进行治疗.
-
美国的肝脏疾病负担
疾病负担是指疾病对人群健康多方面的影响,其中包括:(1)疾病的发生率,通常用发病率及患病率来衡量;(2)疾病对寿命的影响,如患者病死率及未成年死亡患者损失的生存年数;(3)疾病造成的伤残包括健康状态及生活质量的恶化;(4)疾病带来的经济负担,包括直接的健康费用及早死或残疾造成的损失.