合理选择单束和双束移植物重建前交叉韧带

由于当代科学技术的突飞猛进,新的知识,新的技术可以说呈现"爆炸式"发展,关节镜外科领域更不例外.自2000年以来我国关节镜外科事业正以惊人的发展速度呈现于世人面前,国内多家医院甚至是县级医院、区级医院也纷纷购置关节镜设备.

前交叉韧带损伤关节镜下重建治疗的临床研究进展

前交叉韧带(anterior cruciate ligament,ACL)是保持膝关节稳定的重要结构,断裂后可导致膝关节不稳,引起膝关节继发损害而严重影响膝关节功能.目前,ACL重建已成为治疗其损伤的有效方法.国内有关ACL的临床研究已较广泛和深入,但仍有许多新的课题有待研究.现结合本期刊登的几篇相关领域的论文予以评述,讨论有关ACL重建治疗中的热点问题.

Objective. To detect histological characteristic of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) and medial collateral ligament (MCL). Methods. In each of 20 skeletally mature male mongrels and 4 men, the ACL and MCL were examined by standard hematoxylin-eosin procedure and toluidine blue staining for histologic observation. Results. The fibroblasts in medial collateral are elongated to spindle shape and aligned in a row between the bundles of collagenous fibers. Toluidine blue staining is negative. The anterior cruciate ligament demonstrated more heterogenous cell types and arrangement. It had three major cell forms:spindle, round and ovoid type, which were shorter but greater than the cells in medial collateral ligament. Toluidine blue staining was positive in anterior cruciate ligament. Most cells in anterior cruciate ligament were enclosed within lacunae. Conclusion. This study suggests that the ACL has different histological characteristics from MCL, and is more cartilage-like in nature.

七叶皂苷钠在关节镜下前交叉韧带重建术后的临床应用

手术时肢体缺血、灌注液渗出、静脉回流障碍和止血带反应等,是关节镜下手术后肢体肿胀及关节积液的主要原因.手术创伤可导致组织水肿、关节液代谢循环障碍.关节灌注液泵的使用,为关节内修复、重建手术的开展,提供了有利条件,但如果使用经验不足,易导致液体外渗.止血带造成的肢体缺血可能引起组织细胞渗透压改变.术后肢体发生不同程度的肿胀和关节腔积液使组织愈合推迟,影响患肢关节的功能恢复及康复计划的实施.

前十字韧带重建术后骨关节炎的研究进展

前十字韧带断裂是常见的膝关节运动损伤，断裂后可造成膝关节不稳，并导致创伤性骨关节炎。前十字韧带断裂后，临床上普遍采用前十字韧带重建术来恢复膝关节的前向稳定性，减少半月板和软骨继发损伤，改善膝关节的运动功能。长期的临床随访研究表明，重建前十字韧带后膝关节仍会发生退行性改变。传统的单束重建前十字韧带已经在临床应用多年，该方法可以有效恢复膝关节的前向稳定性，并已取得了较好的临床效果。但是，对于重建前十字韧带后能否减少骨关节炎的发生目前尚无一致性结论。采用骨-髌腱-骨重建前十字韧带20年后，61%的患者X线片示骨关节炎改变。近年来，随着对前十字韧带解剖和生物力学的进一步认识，重建前十字韧带的新术式不断涌现，包括双束重建、解剖重建和个体化重建，这些新术式能否更好地保护膝关节，减少前十字韧带重建术后骨关节炎的发生仍存争议。目前，各种手术技术均有其优势和局限性，尚无法准确评估哪种技术在重建前十字韧带后能在减少膝关节骨关节炎发生方面更具优势。未来对前十字韧带损伤的治疗，尤其是采用前十字韧带重建术后，不仅应注重恢复关节的前向和旋转稳定性，也应注重恢复膝关节关节软骨包括胫股关节和髌股关节的正常受力，尽可能避免和减少前十字韧带重建术后骨关节炎的发生。

关节镜下重建膝前交叉韧带术早期的护理及功能锻炼

关节镜下重建前交叉韧带,能有效地恢复关节的稳定与功能[1],具有损伤小,恢复快、膝关节功能恢复良好等优点.

影响胫骨平台骨折疗效的因素

64 cases of tibia platform fracture were received and treated from February1994 to December 2000. The patients were guided for rehabilitation treatment as early function exercise and herb washing esc, the effects were satisfactory and it is reported as following. 1 Objects and methods 1.1 Objects 64 cases,39 male,25 female, aged 16～ 72 years, 35 cases were at the left and 29 were at the right. 52 cases were treated in one week and 12 were from one week to two weeks.The fractures were of three types: There were 37 cases of exstrophy type, Degree I: Split fracture or compress fracture of tibia external condyle with little or no transportation. The indented articular facet of the compress was no more than 0.5 cm. There were 15 cases of Degree I in the group. Degree II: 1/3 articular facet at the outside of the external condyle was of split fracture and there were external transportation, the indentation of the internal 2/3 articular facet caused by the external condyle of the femur was no more than 1.0 cm. There were 13 cases of degree II in the group. Degree III: Fracture on both condyles and there were 7 cases of Degree III in the group. There were 18 cases of entropion type and 9 cases of vertical type in the group. 1.2 Methods ( 1) Non- operation treatment ① The lower limbs were fixed with plaster support for two weeks, after swelling at the knee joints disappeared, legs were fixed for another 2～ 4 weeks with plaster support or tube support, there were 30 cases in the group and the method was suitable for Degree I and II of the exstrophy type and entropion or vertical types with little transportation.② Bone traction for 2 weeks, and 2～ 4 weeks of lower limb plaster support or tube support, or continual bone traction combined with early function exercise, there were 9 cases in the group and the method was suitable for Degree III and IV of the exstrophy type, entropion and vertical types with major transportation.( 2) Operation treatment ① Open reduction and inner fixation: 25 cases.② Treating the knee joint combined wounds: 3 cases of meniscus extirpation, 3 cases of inner collateral ligament repairing, one case of external collateral ligament repairing, 2 cases of anterior cruciate ligament repairing and one case of posterior cruciate ligament repairing.( 3) Rehabilitation treatment:① Quadriceps femoris muscle isometric contraction exercises from the third day after operation and plaster fixation, 20～ 30 times for each group and 40～ 60 groups for each day. The intensity was added gradually. ② Herb washing was added, it may be performed in two weeks after stitches taking out or plaster fixing, the prescript was as the following:Chuan qiong 15g,Red peony root 15g,Chinese angelica 15g,Cassia twig 15g,Two tooth achyranthes root 15g,Safflower 20g,Halite 15g,Licorice root 15g,Frankincense 15g,Myrrh 15g,Staghorn clubmoss herb 25g and Tuberculate speranskia herb 25g. Twice a day and 30 minutes for each time, each dose may be used for two days. ③ Knee joint function exercise with the help of the CPM two weeks after plaster fixation or operation, slight passive movement at early period may enhance local blood circulation and reduce the possibility of joint adhesion, passive exercise with greater ranges may be performed for the knee joints after four weeks.

改良关节镜下异体骨-髌韧带-骨修复重建后交叉韧带

关节镜下重建前交叉韧带(ACL)已在国内外普遍开展,并逐渐成为标准术式[1,2],后交叉韧带 (PCL)采用何种术式重建尚有争议.我院从1999年4月至2000年6月在关节镜辅助下行有限小切口,取同种异体骨-髌韧带-骨 (BPB)移植重建PCL,取得较好近期疗效.现报告如下.

Objective: To culture fibroblast cells from the kneeligaments and to study the biological characteristics of thesecells.Methods: Cells of the anterior cruciate ligament(ACL) and the medial collateral ligament (MCL) fromNew Zealand white rabbit were cultured in vitro. Cellulargrowth and expression of the collagen were analyzed.Moreover, an in vitro wound closure model was establishedand the healing of the ACL and the MCL cells wascompared.Results: Maximal growth for all these cells wereobtained with Dulbecco's modified Eagle's mediumsupplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum, but RPMI 1640and Ham's F12 media were not suitable to maintain thesecells. Morphology of both ACL and MCL cells from NewZealand white rabbit was alike in vitro, but the MCL cellsgrew faster than the ACL cells. Both cell types producedsimilar amount of collagen in culture, but the ratio ofcollage type I to type III produced by ACL cells was higherthan that produced by MCL cells. Wound closure assayshowed that at 36 hours after injury, cell-free zones createdin the ACL cultures were occupied partially by the ACLcells; in contrast, the wounded zone in the MCL cultureswas almost completely covered by the cells.Conclusions: Although the ACL cells and the MCLcells from New Zealand white rabbit show similarappearance in morphology in culture, the cellular growthand the biochemical synthesis of collagen as well as thehealing in vitro were significantly different. Thesedifferences in intrinsic properties of the two types of cells invitro might contribute to the differential healing potentialsof these ligaments in vivo.

中药配合推拿治疗膝关节侧副韧带损伤86例

自1994年4月～2000年4月,我院采用推拿及中药外敷治疗膝关节侧副韧带损伤及慢性劳损86例,取得较好疗效,现报告如下.1 临床资料诊断标准按照国家中医药管理局1 995年1月发布的<中医病证诊断疗效标准>.共86例,男48例,女38例;年龄大71岁,小12岁,平均44岁;病程短3天,长12年;左侧33例,右侧29例,双侧交替出现24例;内侧疼痛68例,外侧疼痛18例.有明确外伤史52例,有慢性劳损史21例,病因不明13例;均有侧副韧带附着点疼痛,尤以下蹲时、蹲后站立或下楼梯时疼痛加重,无放射痛,内外侧副韧带附着点均有明显压痛,膝关节侧副韧带分离试验阳性,浮髌试验阴性,X线片检查41例有不同程度骨质增生,38例关节间隙两侧不等宽,抗"()"、类风湿因子均正常,全身其它关节正常.