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人体总能量消耗测量方法研究进展
人体总能量消耗(total energy expenditure,TEE)是指在个体或群体水平上一段时间内平均每天的能量消耗量[1],成人的TEE主要包括基础代谢、身体活动和食物热效应.测量人体TEE对于制定适宜的能量需要量,进而维持佳的健康状况和身体机能至关重要.
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Is Non-exercise Activity Thermogenesis-a Target for Reversing Obesity?
Non-exercise activity thermogenesis (NEAT) is the energy expenditure of all physical activities other than volitional sporting-like exercise. NEAT includes all the activities that render us vibrant, unique and independent beings such as working, playing, and dancing. Because people of the same weight have markedly variable activity levels, it is not surprising that NEAT varies substantially between people by 2000 kcal/day. Evidence suggests that low NEAT may occur in obesity but in a very specific fashion. Obese individuals appear to exhibit an innate tendency to be seated for 2.5 hours per day more than sedentary lean counterparts. If obese individuals were to adopt the lean 'NEAT-o-type', they could potentially expend an additional 350 kcal/day. Obesity was rare a century ago and the human genotype has not changed over that time. Thus, the obesity epidemic may reflect the emergence of a chair-enticing environment to which those with an innate tendency to sit, did so and became obese. To reverse obesity therefore, we need to develop individual strategies to promote standing & ambulating time by 2.5 hours per day but also re-engineer our work, school and home environments to render active living the option of choice.
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静息能量消耗对绝经妇女肥胖影响的研究进展
静息能量消耗(resting energy expenditure,REE)是维持机体细胞、器官正常功能及人体觉醒状态的能量消耗,用无脂肪组织校正后的REE可精确反映机体能量消耗.年龄增长可能引起静息能量消耗的降低.绝经女性的体重增加(肥胖),可能是年龄增长、活动水平下降、雌激素水平下降导致静息能量消耗的降低引起,对育龄期女性用药抑制其雌激素可以引起肥胖.肥胖是2型糖尿病、高血压病、心、脑血管疾病、代谢综合征及多种肿瘤等疾病的高风险因素,近年来其患病率成倍上升.雌激素对于促进体内脂肪代谢、防止高脂血症的形成具有重要作用.激素替代治疗(hormone replacement therapy,HRT)是否可以改善绝经后女性腹型肥胖的发生,有待进一步研究证实.
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加速度计在能量代谢检测中的应用现状
体力活动(Physical Activity,PA)是指所有由于骨骼肌收缩产生的身体活动,PA在基础代谢的水平上,使身体能量消耗(Energy Expenditure,EE)增加[1].美国疾病控制与预防中心(Centers for Disease Control and Prevention,CDC)和其他运动医学组织提出建议:为了促进健康,成人应该每天进行30分钟以上的中等强度运动[2].PA的好处明显,但如何检测PA水平却是一件有难度的工作,在科研和生活中可以通过检测身体活动中消耗的能量(Physical Activity Energy Expenditure,PAEE)评价PA水平,因此需要有效可靠的检测PAEE的方法.
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能量消耗测量方法及其应用
目前,超重和肥胖已成为普遍的社会问题,许多研究开始关注总能量消耗(total energy expenditure,TEE)与超重或肥胖发生之间的潜在关系.身体活动能量消耗(physical activity energy expenditure,PAEE)是TEE的大可变因素.
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KEY POINTS· Thermodynamic laws dictate that an excess of food energy intake relative to energy expenditure will lead to energy storage-an accumulation of fat. Conversely, a deficit of energy intake relative to expenditure will lead to a loss of body energy stores and a reduced body weight.
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健康小儿静息能量消耗的测定
静息能量消耗(resting energy expenditure,REE)是指在中性温度下,禁食2小时或以上,仰卧位,骨骼肌休息至少30分钟以上所测得的能量消耗值.它可在一天内任何时间进行,适用于各个年龄组.本实验测得的小儿REE数据可供能量代谢研究及临床营养支持参考.
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合理的肠内营养在重症急性胰腺炎的应用
重症急性胰腺炎(SAP)是一种急性全身消耗性疾病,起病凶险.无论手术与否,此类病人往往需要长期的禁止经口饮食,且其处于一种高代谢、高分解的状态,能量消耗往往高于1.5倍的静息能量消耗(resting energy expenditure,REE)[1],极易导致病人营养缺失,各脏器功能减退,引发多脏器功能障碍(MODS).因此营养支持成为SAP治疗不可或缺的一个部分.
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临床能量需求的估算
能量消耗有多种,如静息能量消耗(resting energy expenditure,REE)、基础能量消耗(basal energy expenditure,BEE)、每日静息能量消耗(resting daily energy expenditure,RDEE)、每日总能量消耗(total daily energy expenditure,TDEE)等。准确预测人体能量需求是实施营养健康咨询及临床营养支持的先决条件,能量需求的预测方法有两类:①测定法(measurement),即测定每日能量消耗(measured daily energy expenditure,MDEE),具体方法有量热计(calorimeter)直接测热法、代谢车间接测热法(metabolic cart indirect calorime-try);②估算法(estimation),即估算每日能量消耗(estimated daily energy expenditure,EDEE),具体方法是用公式计算。直接测热法既昂贵又复杂、只能在实验研究中使用;间接测热法基层单位难以普及。估算法虽然没有测定法精确,但是简易、方便、价廉。目前业已发表的估算公式共有200多种,分别估算不同条件下的能量消耗及需求[1]。本文介绍几种常用的估算法,并分析不同公式的优缺点及其适用人群。