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体外免疫原快速激活全血细胞固有免疫反应系统模式的应用
血液循环的血液固有免疫系统由血浆补体固有免疫子系统、红细胞固有免疫子系统、血小板固有免疫子系统和白细胞固有免疫子系统构成~([1]).若采用系统生物学的复杂理论和数学公式计算探讨这些子系统之间的网络关系,则必须通过在体外建立系统模式进行系统免疫学实验研究~([2]).
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免疫原快速激活系统血液固有免疫反应研究思路的演变与创新
1953年Nelson发现人类红细胞可与特异调理过的梅毒螺旋体及肺炎双球菌结合,称为免疫黏附,并推测红细胞膜表面可能存在免疫黏附受体,免疫复合物与该受体结合可促进白细胞的吞噬作用,是宿主防御机制的一部分.后来证明此黏附受体即为C3b受体(CR1、CD35).
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光动力学疗法诱导抗肿瘤免疫反应研究的进展
恶性肿瘤是以细胞异常增生为特征的常见疾病,早期诊断和及时治疗是降低肿瘤患者死亡率的关键.但恶性肿瘤的早期诊断和有效控制仍是医学界的棘手问题.
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专题演讲-W3药物和环境毒物的免疫毒性与神经毒性
Toxicity to the immune system encompasses suppression or enhancement of the immune response. Suppression of the immune response can lead to decreased host resistance to infectious agents or tumor cells. Enhancing the immune response can exaggerate autoimmune diseases or hypersensitivity.
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Dendritic cells (DCs) are the most potent antigen-presenting cells that play crucial roles in the regulation of immune response. Triptolide, an active component purified from the medicinal plant Tripterygium wilfordii Hook F. , has been demonstrated to act as a potent immunosuppressive drug capable of inhibiting T cell activation and proliferation. However, little is known about the effects of triptolide on DCs. The present study shows that triptolide does not affect phenotypic differentiation and LPS-induced maturation of murine DCs. But triptolide can dramatically reduce cell recovery by inducing apoptosis of DCs at concentration as low as 10 ng/ml, as demonstrated by phosphatidylserine exposure, mitochondria potential decrease, and nuclear DNA condensation. Triptolide induces activation of p38 in DCs, which precedes the activation of caspase 3. SB203580, a specific kinase inhibitor for p38, can block the activation of caspase 3 and inhibit the resultant apoptosis of DCs. Our results suggest that the anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive activities of triptolide may be due, in part,to its apoptosis-inducing effects on DCs.
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Extrapolating meaningful scientific information from laboratory animals for the benefit of mankind is difficult and fraught with many problems. To aid in this work it is imperative that we minimize as many variables as possible from the scientific data. It is an accepted fact that we need healthy animals as disease, whether clinical or sub-clinical, can affect the immune response system and the biochemistry and physiology of the animal, thus giving confusing information.
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抗菌肽LL-37、HBD-2和HBD-3在皮肤结核皮损中的表达
目的 研究抗菌肽LL-37、人β防御素-2(HBD-2)、HBD-3在寻常狼疮和疣状皮肤结核皮损中的表达,探讨皮肤结核的发病机制.方法 免疫组化方法检测LL-37、HBD-2、HBD-3在18例寻常狼疮和疣状皮肤结核患者皮损、15例银屑病患者皮损以及10例健康人皮肤石蜡切片中的表达.SPSS13.0统计软件进行数据分析,组间行t检验.结果 LL-37、HBD-2在皮肤结核皮损中主要表达于表皮中上层、附属器及血管壁,与正常皮肤比较为高表达(t=2.632,2.399,P值均<0.05),且与银屑病的表达模式类似.HBD-3在皮肤结核皮损中未见表达,而在银屑病皮损及正常皮肤中均可见表达.结论 抗菌肽LL-37和HBD-2可能参与皮肤结核的免疫反应过程,而HBD-3在皮肤结核的表达缺失可能与其发病密切相关.
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AIM:To observe the antineoplastic effect of Naja Naja atra venom (NNAV) on S180 bearing mice and to study the possible antineoplastic mechanism. METHODS:We observed the effect of NNAV on tumor weight、plasma nitric oxide content、plasma endothelin content and spleen index in S180 bearing mice with different concentration and different period by means of injecting into abdomen. RESULTS:Treatment with NNAV solution of different concentration could markedly inhibit S180 growth (especially in the low concentration group and by long period) and rate of inhibiting ranged from 21 63% to 49.25%; the plasma nitric oxide content, the plasma endothelin content and NO/ET ratio in tumor bearing mice were obviously higher than those of the normal control group, while after treatment with NNAV solution, the plasma nitric oxide level, the plasma endothelin level and NO/ET ratio could be reduced markedly, and it was noticed that NO/ET ratio in the group with highest inhibiting rate was most close to that of the normal control group. The spleen index was obviously increased after treatment with NNAV solution.CONCLUSION:The antineoplastic effect of NNAV on S180 bearing mice is best in long period by means of injecting into abdomen with low concentration. The mechanism of the antineoplastic effect of NNAV may be related to lowering the plasma nitric oxide and endothelin level, regulating the NO/ET ratio and enhancing the immune response.
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AIM:Atherosclerosis primarily involved systemic arteries .Luminal surface , a monolayer of endothelial cells , of artery directly exposes to blood and is susceptible to active substances in the blood .Exosomes contain significantly amount of proteins and RNAs .Ex-osomes can be good and bad for cells , depending on their component .Thus, exosomes may contribute to atherosclerosis by affecting endothelial cells .This study analyzed the relationship of exosome proteins and atherosclerosis .METHODS: Fifty-six patients and healthy subjects were recruited and divided into two comparisons:healthy subjects vs atherosclerosis ( HS vs AS) , and hypertension vs hypertension plus atherosclerosis ( HT vs HT+AS) .Serum exosomes were decoded by protein mass spectrometry .The protein profile and function were analyzed by gene ontology ( GO) .RESULTS:It was found that five child terms repeatedly appeared in “response to stimulus” and “immune system process” of BP of the two categories ( HS vs AS and AS vs HT+AS):“positive regulation of innate immune response”,“immune response-activating signal transduction”,”activation of innate immune response”,“innate immune re-sponse-activating signal transduction” and “innate immune response activating cell surface receptor signaling pathway ”.Two child terms repeatedly showed in “binding” of MF of the two categories:“antigen binding” and “enzyme binding”.Two proteins, PSMA6 and PSMA7, were repeatedly shown in the two categories .CONCLUSION:GO analysis was utilized for structure hierarchy “tree” to illustrate these proteins involved in various terms in BP , CC and MF.The PPI analysis supplied proteins which may play potentially im-portant roles in AS process .Innate immune system and blood coagulation pathway contribute to AS formation .The proteins, PSMA6, PSMA7 and Annexin A2, may can be the new target proteins for prevention and treatment of AS .
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局部免疫治疗的研究进展
近几年,由于在分子水平上对皮肤病的发病机制有了较深的了解,对某些皮肤病的治疗也有了重要进展,特别是在局部免疫应答调节剂(topical immune response modifiers,IRMs)上的进展更大.皮肤的免疫系统在固有免疫和适应性免疫反应中起到了重要的作用,所以调节这些免疫反应就可以影响很多的皮肤病的进展.
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未成熟树突状细胞与肾移植的免疫耐受研究进展
1 树突状细胞的研究历史树突状细胞(dendritic cells,DC)的历史非常悠久,早在1868年,Langerhans就曾描述过在皮肤内有一种形状特别,呈树突状结构的细胞,并命名为朗格罕氏细胞(Langerhans cell).但其具体功能不明.直到1973年Stinman和Cohn,在脾脏组织中也发现DC之后才将DC作为专职抗原递呈细胞(professional antigen-presenting cells,APC)刺激初次免疫反应(primary immune response)进行研究.早期研究发现DC是引起心脏和胃肠移植物排斥反应的重要原因,从而增加了对DC的研究兴趣.