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树突状细胞固有胆碱能系统的研究
近年在淋巴细胞和巨噬细胞等免疫活性细胞中相继发现非神经元性胆碱能系统活性物质,如:烟碱样乙酰胆碱受体(nicotinic acetylcholine receptor, nAChR), 胆碱乙酰转移酶(choline acetyltransferase, ChAT)和乙酰胆碱酯酶(acetylcholinesterase,AChE),从而提出淋巴细胞"固有胆碱能系统"的概念.
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Single-chain variable domain fragment (scFv) 637 is an antigen-specific scFv of myasthenia gravis. In this study, scFv and human serum albumin genes were conjugated and the fusion pro-tein was expressed in Pichia pastoris. The afifnity of scFv-human serum albumin fusion protein to bind to acetylcholine receptor at the neuromuscular junction of human intercostal muscles was detected by immunolfuorescence staining. The ability of the fusion protein to block myas-thenia gravis patient sera binding to acetylcholine receptors and its stability in healthy serum were measured by competitive ELISA. The results showed that the inhibition rate was 2.0-77.4%, and the stability of fusion protein in static healthy sera was about 3 days. This approach suggests the scFv-human serum albumin is a potential candidate for speciifc immunosuppressive therapy of myasthenia gravis.
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Puerarin, a major isoflavonoid derived from the Chinese medical herb radix puerariae (Gegen), has been reported to inhibit neuronal apoptosis and play an anti-inflammatory role in focal cerebral ischemia model rats. Recent findings regarding stroke pathophysiology have recognized that an-ti-inflammation is an important target for the treatment of ischemic stroke. The cholinergic an-ti-inflammatory pathway is a highly robust neural-immune mechanism for inflammation control. This study was to investigate whether activating the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway can be in-volved in the mechanism of inhibiting the inflammatory response during puerarin-induced cerebral ischemia/reperfusion in rats. Results showed that puerarin pretreatment (intravenous injection) re-duced the ischemic infarct volume, improved neurological deficit after cerebral ischemia/reperfusion and decreased the levels of interleukin-1β, interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-αin brain tissue. Pretreatment with puerarin (intravenous injection) attenuated the inflammatory response in rats, which was accompanied by janus-activated kinase 2 (JAK2) and signal transducers and activators of transcription 3 (STAT3) activation and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) inhibition. These observa-tions were inhibited by the alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7nAchR) antagonistα-bungarotoxin (α-BGT). In addition, puerarin pretreatment increased the expression of α7nAchR mRNA in ischemic cerebral tissue. These data demonstrate that puerarin pretreatment strongly protects the brain against cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury and inhibits the inflammatory re-sponse. Our results also indicated that the anti-inflammatory effect of puerarin may partly be me-diated through the activation of the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway.
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尼古丁乙酰胆碱受体与精神分裂症患者认知功能的研究进展
精神分裂症是一种重性精神疾病,临床表现以阳性、阴性症状以及认知功能障碍为主.流行病学研究显示,精神分裂症患者吸烟比例是普通人群的2~4倍,吸烟可能是精神分裂症患者的一种自我给药方式,以使大脑异常神经递质传递过程趋于正常.因此,有学者提出烟草中的尼古丁可能与精神分裂症存在一定的联系[1].近年来,一系列研究指出尼古丁代谢受体(尼古丁乙酰胆碱受体,nicotinic acetylcholine receptor,nAchR)在认知过程中起关键作用,由此提示nAChR可能与精神分裂症认知功能障碍关系密切,我们就目前研究进展作一综述.
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免疫吸附法治疗重症肌无力的研究进展
重症肌无力(myasthenia gravis,MG)为累及神经肌肉接头处突触后膜烟碱型乙酰胆碱受体(nicotinic acetylcholine receptor,nAchR),由乙酰胆碱受体抗体介导的细胞免疫依赖性补体参与的自身免疫性疾病.
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小儿重症肌无力的治疗现状及进展
重症肌无力(myasthenia gravis,MG)是累及神经-肌肉接头处突触后膜上的烟碱型乙酰胆碱受体( nicotinic acetylcholine receptor,nAChR),由乙酰胆碱受体抗体介导、细胞免疫依赖、补体参与的自身免疫性疾病.对于MG的治疗包括:对症治疗、免疫抑制剂、血浆置换、免疫球蛋白、胸腺切除等.随着MG发病机制的深入研究及新疗法的开展,使该病的临床疗效明显提高,病死率明显下降.本文就小儿MG的治疗现状及进展作一综述.