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泰安市11例HIV感染者流行病学调查分析
泰安市是山东省早发现HIV感染者的地区之一.1995年6月,省卫生防疫站根据卫生部反馈的河北省廊坊地区的疫情信息,对东平县一对夫妇进行血样检测,发现其抗-HIV阳性,这是泰安市首次确认HIV感染者.
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高效抗病毒治疗促使艾滋病患者免疫功能重建
The characteristics of AIDS is that HIV infection induces CD4 + T cell defects that includes a quantitave CD4 + T cells depletion and a loss of T helper cells function leading to a progressive immune deficiency. Early report indicated that this immune deficiency was irreversible, even with the antiretroviral therapies. More recently, however, clinical benifits of hightly active antiretroviral therapies (HAART) are increasingly evidenced by resolving opportunistic infections and malignancies, as well as declining hospitalization and mortality rates. This suggests that potent and sustained suppression of viral replication, at least to some extent, is associated with reconstitution of the immune system even in adult patients treated at advanced stages of the disease. Such immune reconstitution which was demonstrated firstly by a French reseach group includes (the group leader is Pr Brigitte Autran)(1) a rapid rise in CD4 + and CD8+ T cells followed by a slower CD4 + T cell increase; (2) a rapid rise in memory CD4 + T cells during the first three months of treatment by late increase in naive T cells coexpressing CD45RA and CD62L molecules after 3 months of efficient antiviral treatment;(3) a significant reduction of CD4 and CD8 activation markers in parallel to plasma virus load reduction;(4) a restoration in CD4 + T cell reactivity to recall antigens. These observations open new perspectives for the understanding of CD4 + T cells deficiency and therapeutic strategies of HIV infection. In the present review we will address some of the questions raised by immune restoration with HAART when administered at advanced stages of the disease.
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商业性行为与艾滋病的传播
The prevalence of HIV/AIDS infection has increased greatly in China. In order to strengthen the cooperation from all fields to improve efforts in preventing HIV/AIDS transmission in China, This paper has been put forward. Based on more than 25 previous publications and desk studies, this paper clarified the relationships between the commerical sex activities and the transmission of HIV/AIDS. Although the probability of HIV infection through sex intercourse is lower than the other routes in China, the major way of infection among the HIV positives is still through sexual contacts in the world, which accounts for 70% in the world. Heterosexual transmission would still be the major route of HIV transmission pattern in the future. This paper reviewed the on-going progress, achievements as well as the shortages and weakness on HIV prevention research and interventions, such as the methodology used in the research field to obtain the effective and valid data and information. Different kinds of theories and models are mentioned in view of theoretical guidance.
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替诺福韦DF治疗慢性乙型肝炎和HIV感染的研究动态
1 替诺福韦DF(TDF)抗病毒作用机制替诺福韦是5'-单磷酸腺苷(脱氧腺苷)类似物,已经被美国、澳大利亚和欧洲数个国家批准用于治疗HIV感染,但是口服吸收差,替诺福韦DF(TDF)能提高口服吸收和细胞对其摄取.
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儿科医生应重视艾滋病的防治工作
自从1981年发现首例人类免疫缺陷病毒-1(human immunodeficiency virus,HIV-1)感染﹑即获得性免疫缺陷综合征(acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, AIDS,艾滋病)以来,该病在全世界190多个国家和地区迅速传播流行,1990年全世界病例为800~1 000万,1993年1 400万,1995年1 800万,至2002年已达3 600万人.仅2002年发病数即达500万例,死亡病例为300万.估计到2010年全球患者将达到4 500万.
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小儿HIV感染和艾滋病诊断及处理建议
艾滋病即获得性免疫缺陷综合症(AIDS),是由人类免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)感染所致的一种传播迅速、病死率极高的恶性病.我国目前HIV感染人群已超过100万(2002年),且大多数集中在生育期成人.如果控制不好,10年后HIV感染者可能超过1 000万.HIV感染的母婴传播率高达22%~65%.小儿HIV感染与成人比较,其发生率增长快、潜伏期短、疾病进展快、死亡率高.因此小儿HIV感染和AIDS防治已成为我国儿科所面临的严峻挑战和紧迫任务.本建议适用于各级儿科医疗机构对HIV感染和AIDS患儿的诊断、报告和处理.
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女性性工作者HIV感染影响因素的研究
疫情报告显示,我国HIV流行趋势以静脉注射吸毒传播途径为主,但经异性性途径传播正呈上升趋势,HIV疫情正由高危人群经桥梁人群向一般人群扩散[1],而女性性工作者则是重要的桥梁人群,故对于女性性工作者HIV感染影响冈素的研究势在必行,为完善控制HIV疫情的策略,为防治艾滋病提供全面和科学的依据,故本文对女性性工作者感染HIV的影响因素进行综述如下.
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Since the discovery of HIV more than two decades ago, scientific progress has been impressive and has dramatically advanced our understanding of HIV infection, from molecular through cellular and then on to systemic pathogenesis,such as the functions of HIV-1 nef gene. However, there is still much to be learned before we fully understand how the host interacts with the virus at molecular level and how immune responses correlate with protection from disease. This review describes our current knowledge of HIV/AIDS with the reference of HIV nef functions and its role in HIV-1 mediated pathogenesis.
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出入境人员HIV感染监督控制体系的研究
1前言1.1 近年来艾滋病(AIDS)在全球范围内蔓延,已成为一个需要各国政府认真对待的"全球性政治问题".联合国秘书长安南把AIDS所产生的灾难排到恐怖组织所制造的灾害之前,称之为"世界头号公敌".目前,全球平均每天有13 698人因感染HIV而成为新的感染者或携带者,同时有8 493人因患AIDS而死亡[1].
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小儿人类免疫缺陷病毒感染的临床诊断和处置原则
艾滋病即获得性免疫缺陷综合征(acquired immunodeficiency syndrome,AIDS),是由人类免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)感染所致的一种传播迅速、病死率极高的恶性传染病.小儿HIV感染主要由母婴传播途径获得,其次由输入的血液(全血和血浆)和血液制品获得.
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应用间接免疫荧光试验检测广东部分人群人类免疫缺陷病毒抗体
本文应用间接免疫荧光法,检测了广东部分人群共707份血清标本,了解有无人类免疫缺陷病毒抗体.其血清来源包括(1)海南黎族健康成人206例;(2)连南县瑶族各种患者2ll例;(3)广州地区HBsAg阳性的肝炎患者207例;(4)血友病患者2l例,其中8例曾用过进口的Ⅷ因子治疗;(5)多次输注进口的血清白蛋白治疗的慢性肾炎23例;和(6)多次输血治疗的白血病或淋巴瘤患者39例.结果全部阴性,表明在上述人群中,尚未发现有人类免疫缺陷病毒感染的证据.
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吸毒人群艾滋病感染情况及相关知识和行为调查
为了解武汉市吸毒人群艾滋病感染情况及相关知识和行为,武汉市江岸区疾控中心和华中科技大学同济医学院部分师生于2005年对武汉市何湾戒毒所105名吸毒人员进行相关专题调查.1对象与方法1.1 调查对象武汉市何湾戒毒所105名戒毒人员,其中男性73名,女性32名.1.2调查内容人口学特征,艾滋病知识知晓率,行为学特征,性行为及安全套的使用情况等.
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介绍WHO关于《抗逆转录病毒类药物治疗HIV感染妊妇和预防母婴传播的建议书》
母婴垂直传播是儿童HIV感染的主要途径,预防儿童AIDS感染重要的方法是阻断母婴垂直传播.现有的手段已能明显降低HIV母婴垂直传播,WHO提出将其发生率降至5%以内.本文介绍2009年WHO关于<抗逆转录病毒类药物治疗HIV感染妊妇和预防母婴传播>的建议书.
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The human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV - 1 ) envelope glycoprotein gp41 plays a critical role in the fusion of viral and target cell membranes. The gp41 extracellular domain, which contains fusion peptide (FP), N - and C - terminal hydrophobic heptad repeats (NHR and CHR, respectively). Peptides derived from NHR and CHR regions,designated N- and C- peptides, respectively, can interact with each other to form a six - stranded coiled - coil domain, representing the fusion-active gp41 core. Our previous studies demonstrated that the C- peptides have potent inhibitory activity against HIV- 1 infection.These peptides inhibit HIV- 1 -mediated membrane fusion by binding to NHR regions for preventing the formation of fusion- active gp41 core. One of the C - peptides, T - 20, which is in the phase Ⅲ clinical trails, is expected to become the first peptide HIV fusion inhibitory drug in the near future. However, this peptide HIV fusion inhibitor lacks oral availability and is sensitive to the proteolytic digestion.Therefore, it is essential to develop small molecular non -peptide HIV fusion inhibitors having similar mechanism of action as the C- peptides. We have established an ELISA- based screening assay using a unique monoclonal antibody, NC- 1, which can specifically bind to a conformational epitope on the gp41 core domain. Using this screening assay, we have identified a small molecular anti- HIV- 1 compound,named ADS-Jl, which inhibits HIV- 1- mediated membrane fusion by blocking the interaction between the NHR and CHR regions to form the fusion - active gp41 core. This compound will be used as a lead to design and develop novel HIV fusion inhibitors as new drugs for the treatment of HIV infection and/or AIDS.