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肺泡微结石症三例
Introduction Pulmonary alveolar microlithiasis ( PAM) is a rare diffuse lung disease characterized by the accumulation of calcium phosphate microliths within the alveoli.The etiology and pathogenesis of the disease are still unknown.Consequently, there is no known effective treatment .In this report,we present the clinical, radiological, pathological findings of three patients with PAM, emphasizing the diagnostic and therapeutic views.
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西地那非的药理作用和在心血管病人中的应用
西地那非(sildenafil,Viagra),又名“昔多芬”，商品名为“万艾可”、“伟哥”或“威而 刚”。其制剂为西地那非枸橼酸盐(citrate salt of sildenafil),是一种口服治疗男性勃 起功能障碍(erectile dysfunction)的药物，美国辉瑞制药公司出品。它的问世被医生们誉 为男性勃起功能障碍治疗史上的革命。美国F.Furchgott、Ferid Murad和LT Lgnaro三位科 学家的研究，为西地那非的问世作出了贡献。 1998年3月27日美国食品药物管理局(FDA)正式批准使用西地那非，这是第一个在美国获准使 用的口服治疗男性勃起功能障碍的药物。 西地那非为灰白色水溶性结晶粉末，其化学名为：1-［3-(6，7-二氧 -1甲基-7-氧化-3-丙烷基-1氢-吡唑［4，3d］嘧啶-5-烃基)-4-乙氧基苯基］-4-甲基哌嗪枸 橼酸盐，溶解度为3.5 mg/ml，分子量为666.7，为圆形、钻石 状、蓝色片剂，有25 mg，50 mg,100mg三种口服剂型。西地那非片为一复合制剂，除西地那 非外，每片还含有微型结晶纤维素(microcrystalline cellulose),无水双磷酸钙(anhydrou s dibasic calcium phosphate),硬脂酸盐镁(magnesium stearate),羟丙基甲基纤维素(hyd roxypropyl methylcellulose),二氧化钛(titanium dioxide),乳酸酶(lactose),三乙酸甘 油脂(triacetin)等多种成分。
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磷酸钙的研究臻于变革
The chemistry of the principal mineral component of tooth tissue, hydroxyapatite, has been recognized for many years to be fundamental to the understanding of a number of issues in dentistry, in particular dental caries, calculus formation, and remineralization. In addition, aspects of odontogenesis, saliva physiology (including palliative treatments for xerostomia), etching and bonding for restorations, laboratory testing of materials for intra- oral use, and caries prevention are intimately dependent on such chemistry. The interest is also much broader since hydroxyapatite is also the principal mineral of bone, and calcium phosphates in general are significant in the context of pathological calcifications. Given this importance, and the volume of the literature on these topics, it is surprising that our understanding is demonstrably deficient in several respects, although one or two recent reports have made important observations. Reasons for this state of affairs may be identified in a small number of critical areas.
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酪蛋白磷酸多肽钙磷复合体在口腔治疗中的研究进展
氟化物长期应用于抗龋的治疗,但在使用过程中如果剂量控制不好使用过量易出现氟斑牙、氟骨症等并发症[1].目前,国内外学者都在致力于研究安全、有效的防龋用品.自从20世纪90年代科学家在小鼠龋模型中发现奶制品具有抗龋作用后,澳大利亚墨尔本牙科学院研究人员从牛奶中提取出了一种生物活性肽—酪蛋白磷酸多肽钙磷复合体(complex of casein phosphopeptide and amorphous calcium phosphate,CPP-ACP),日本GC公司把它进一步提炼,进而有了Tooth Mousse护牙素,它是一种新型的口腔抗龋用品[2].护牙素在基础研究中的再矿化原理和临床中防龋再矿化的疗效和机理是研究关注的核心,下面就目前的一些研究成果综述如下.
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