如何选择环氧乙烷灭菌和过氧化氢等离子体灭菌

0.前言环氧乙烷灭菌和过氧化氢等离子体灭菌是目前医疗物品低温灭菌主要的灭菌方法.环氧乙烷灭菌有着多年的使用历史,过氧化氢等离子体灭菌是近几年出现的新的灭菌方法,两种低温灭菌方法各有特点,在物品灭菌时必须做出正确的选择,才能满足临床使用要求.

ObjectiveWe evaluate the effects ofThymus algeriensis (TEO) against hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) toxicity on body and testis weight, testis sperm count, testis lipid peroxidation, and antioxidant enzyme activities in rats.
MethodsRats were treated with low (LD) and high dose (HD) of H2O2 (0.1 and 1 mmol/L) in the presence or absence of TEO (150 mg/kg).
ResultsThe results exhibited a significant decrease in body weight and testis weight, in total sperm number decrease (P<0.05), sperm motility and percentage of sperm viability, leading to complete arrest, in sperm flagellar beat frequency by the gavage of 1 mmol/L H2O2 compared to controls.The administration of H2O2 resulted in a significant reduction in testis GSH, GPx, CAT, SOD, and GST activity andsignificant increase (P<0.05) in MDAconcentration compared with the untreated control animals. TEO pre-treatment protected testis from the H2O2generated oxidative stress.These results were confirmed byhistological architecture examinations.
ConclusionH2O2 has the ability to alter the sperm function, characteristics and development of testis. However, TEO is an efficient natural agent, which can prevent the testis from H2O2-induced oxidative damage in rats.

The death of retinal ganglion cel s is a hal mark of many optic neurodegenerative diseases such as glaucoma and retinopathy. Oxidative stress is one of the major reasons to cause the cel death. Oligomeric proanthocyanidin has many health beneficial effects including antioxidative and neuro-protective actions. Here we tested whether oligomeric proanthocyanidin may protect retinal glion cel s against oxidative stress induced-apoptosis in vitro. Retinal ganglion cel s were treated with hydrogen peroxide with or without oligomeric proanthocyanidin. 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay showed that treating retinal ganglion cel line RGC-5 cel s with 20 μmol/L oligomeric proanthocyanidin significantly decreased the hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) induced death. Results of flow cytometry and Hoechst staining demonstrated that the death of RGC-5 cel s was mainly caused by cel apoptosis. We further found that expression of pro-apoptotic Bax and caspase-3 were significantly decreased while anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 was greatly increased in H 2 O 2 damaged RGC-5 cel s with oligomeric proanthocyanidin by western blot assay. Furthermore, in retinal explant culture, the number of surviving retinal ganglion cel s in H 2 O 2-damaged retinal ganglion cel s with oligomeric proanthocyanidin was significantly increased. Our studies thus demonstrate that oligomeric proanthocyanidin can protect oxidative stress-injured retinal ganglion cel s by inhibiting apoptotic process.

Management of Acute Skin Trauma

Acute skin trauma (ie, abrasions, avulsions, blisters, incisions, lacerations, and punctures) is common among individuals involved in work, recreational, and athletic activities. Appropriate management of these wounds is important to promote healing and lessen the risk of cross-contamination and infection. Wound management techniques have undergone significant changes in the past 40 years but many clinicians continue to manage acute skin trauma with long-established, traditional techniques (ie, use of hydrogen peroxide, adhesive strips/patches, sterile gauze, or no dressing) that can delay healing and increase the risk of infection. The purpose of this review is to discuss evidence-based cleansing, debridement, and dressing techniques for the management of acute skin trauma.

过氧化氢低温等离子体灭菌的临床应用

随着医学事业的迅速发展,各种新的诊疗技术不断开展,传统的压力蒸汽灭菌方法已不能完全覆盖各类医疗器械的灭菌[1].采用低温灭菌方法进行各类湿热敏感医疗器械的灭菌已越来越普遍,过氧化氢低温等离子灭菌是美国强生公司开发的一种新的低温灭菌方法,它因具有公认的高效性[2,3]、低温、干燥、快速、无毒等优越性[4]而在临床广泛使用.但其灭菌效果受灭菌物品直径、长度、材料、结构等多因素影响[5].其对种类繁多的医疗器械的灭菌效果,需在使用过程中进一步探索和观察.本文就过氧化氢低温等离子灭菌的原理、影响灭菌效果的相关因素、运用成本、放置位置等方面作了详细论述,为临床工作者安全、正确使用,严防医院感染提供参考.

荧光分析法测定水发食品中过氧化氢残留量

过氧化氢是一种强氧化剂,具有消毒、杀菌和漂白等功能,被广泛使用.在食品中,根据我国<食品添加剂使用卫生标准>的规定,只允许在袋装豆腐干和生鲜牛奶的生产过程中使用,但成品中不得有过氧化氢残留[1].近年来,食品中残留的过氧化氢引起的食物中毒事件时有发生[2],而我国目前尚无定量的标准检测方法,文献报道多用滴定分析法、分光光度法[3],且费时、容易受混杂因素的影响,选择上受到一定限制.作者基于Fe(Ⅱ)与H2O2在酸性介质中,经Fenton反应产生羟基自由基,与苯甲酸发生羟基化反应产生羟基苯甲酸,在碱性介质中可产生很强的荧光,而苯甲酸本身几乎不产生荧光[4],在优化的条件下,荧光强度的增加与过氧化氢的含量有定量关系,据此建立荧光分析法测定水发食品中过氧化氢残留量.

Effects of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)on Cryptosporidium parvum infection in vitro were studied in this paper, using an oocyst excystation assay, a cell culture model, and a free radical inhibition technique. H2O2 treatment at 500 and 1 000 μmol/L significantly inhibited excystation of bleach-treated oocysts (P＜0.01). Concentrations of H2O2 at 500 and 750 μmol/L resulted in a significant decrease in C. Parvum infection at 35.77% and 58.16% respectively, when compared with the untreated control at 48 hours postinoculation. Surprisingly, C. parvum infection were significantly increased by 22.21% to 39.33% following treatment with 50 (P＜0.01), 100 (P＜0.01) or 200 (P＜0.05) μmol/L H2O2, respectively. Stimulatory effect with treatment of 100 μmol/L H2O2 was most obvious, compared with the untreated control at 48 hours postinoculation. Effects of H2O2 on C. parvum at 24, 48 and 96 hours postinoculation were similar, the highest infection being infection at 48 hours postinoculation, with the maximum inhibitory effect being seen at 96 hours postinoculation. The stimulatory and inhibitory effects of H2O2 treatment on C. parvum infection were, to a certain extent, abolished in the presence of free radical scavengers, reduced glutathione or mannitol. These observations indicate that reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as H2O2, may play a role in the course of C. parvum infection. This is the first time to demonstrate a significant action of ROS in C. parvum infection in vitro.

过氧化氢通过激活氧化应激诱导成骨细胞凋亡

目的：探讨氧化应激状态诱导成骨细胞系 MC3T3-E1凋亡中线粒体途径的作用。方法：采用 MTT 法检测不同浓度过氧化氢处理后 MC3T3-E1的增殖情况；Annexin V-FITC/PI流式细胞学检测细胞凋亡；JC-1流式细胞学检测线粒体膜电位；DCFH-DA流式检测ROS活性。结果：MC3T3-E1过氧化氢处理后，细胞增殖明显抑制呈剂量效应关系，ROS 活性和凋亡增加，线粒体膜电位降低。结论：过氧化氢可以增加细胞内 ROS 水平，通过激活线粒体途径诱导细胞凋亡。