吸烟降低精神药物浓度

本文复习了吸烟对精神药物浓度的影响,发现吸烟显著降低氟奋乃静、氟哌啶、氯氮平、奥氮平、齐拉西酮、丙咪嗪、氯丙咪嗪、氟伏沙明、度洛西汀、米氮平、曲唑酮和拉莫三嗪血浓度;吸烟有可能降低氯丙嗪、利培酮、文拉法辛、阿普唑仑、氯羟安定、地西泮血浓度;吸烟不降低三氟啦嗪、奎硫平、阿立哌唑、阿米替林、去甲替林、氟西汀、舍曲林、帕罗西汀、西酞普兰、安非他酮、卡马西平、丙戊酸钠、加巴贲丁、碳酸锂、三唑仑、咪达唑仑、艾司唑仑、唑吡坦血浓度,现综述如下.

脑囊虫病治疗的实验和临床研究

本文以高效液相仪检测37例脑囊虫患者脑脊液及血浆的吡喹酮浓度,服药剂量为顿服40mg/kg(共7例)、13.3mg/kg(28例),另2例为总剂量120mg/kg,三日分服,顿服及末次服药后2～2 1/4小时抽取标本.三种方法服药后的平均血浆浓度分别为2.2075、0.8599及1.3550μg/ml,平均脑脊液浓度分别为0.2328、0.1657及0.315μg/ml.脑脊液浓度相当于血浓度的10.54～23.24%.本文又以测算cT病灶面积的方法来评估疗效,16例脑囊虫病患者以总量120mg/kg,三日分服,治后病灶面积减少了90.76%.

Objective:　To study the changes and clinical significance of arginine vasopressin (AVP) and angiotensin II (AT-II) in patients with acute moderate and severe cerebral injury. 　　Methods:　The early plasma concentration was checked by radioimmunoassay in 47 cases of acute moderate and severe cerebral injury, 30 cases of non-cerebral injury and 30 healthy volunteers. 　　Results:　The early plasma concentrations of AVP (50.23 ng/L±15.31 ng/L) and AT-II (248.18 ng/L±82.47 ng/L) in cerebral injury group were higher than those in non-cerebral injury group (AVP for 30.91 ng/L±11.48 ng/L and AT-II for 120.67 ng/L±42.49 ng/L, P<0.01). The early plasma concentrations of AVP and AT-II in cerebral injury group were also obviously higher than those of the volunteers (AVP for 5.16 ng/L±4.23 ng/L and AT-II for 43.11 ng/L±16.39 ng/L, P<0.001). At the same time, the early plasma level of AVP (58.90 ng/L±18.12 ng/L) and AT-II (292.13 ng/L±101.17 ng/L) was higher in severe cerebral injured patients than moderate cerebral injured ones (AVP for 36.68 ng/L±12.16 ng/L and AT-II for 201.42 ng/L±66.10 ng/L, P<0.01). The early level of AVP and AT-II was negatively related to the GCS scales in acute cerebral injury. The early plasma concentrations of AVP (45.98 ng/L±13.48 ng/L) and AT-II (263.28 ng/L±80.23 ng/L) were lower in epidural hematoma group than those of subdural hematoma and cerebral injury group (AVP for 64.12 ng/L±15.56 ng/L and AT-II for 319.82 ng/L±108.11 ng/L, P<0.01). 　　Conclusions:　 AVP and AT-II may play an important role in pathophysiologic process in the secondary cerebral injury. The more severe the cerebral injury is, the higher the early level of AVP and AT-II will be. The early plasma level of AVP and AT-II may be one of the severity indexes of cerebral injury.