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A型呼吸道合胞病毒荧光定量逆转录PCR检测方法的建立与应用
人呼吸道合胞病毒(human respiratory syncytial virus,hRSV)是引起婴幼儿冬春季下呼吸道感染常见、重要的病原体之一[1].根据病毒表面糖蛋白的抗原差异,可分为A、B两型,在我国流行的以A型RSV为主[2].本实验室在建立RSV逆转录(RT)-PCR检测方法的基础上,利用Taqman荧光定量PCR技术,建立了A型RSV荧光定量RT-PCR检测方法,有利于RSV的快速诊断和型别鉴定.
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人呼吸道合胞病毒分子流行病学研究进展
人呼吸道合胞病毒(human respiratory syncytial virus,HRSV)是婴幼儿急性下呼吸道感染的常见病原,严重危害婴幼儿的健康[1-2].2岁幼儿至少有过一次感染,其中50%曾发生两次感染[3].HRSV感染是冬春季婴幼儿住院的主要原因之一.据WHO报告,全球每年大约有6400万人感染HRSV,其中死亡16万[4].新的一项研究表明,每年的11月至次年4月,5岁以内因急性呼吸道感染住院的患儿中20%与HRSV感染有关[5].HRSV感染发病呈全球性,局部可暴发流行,已成为世界性的公共卫生问题.
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型特异性荧光定量RT-PCR和基因进化分析在呼吸道合胞病毒感染诊断中的应用
呼吸道合胞病毒(RSV)是引起冬春季婴幼儿下呼吸道感染重要、常见的病原体之一,在婴幼儿中易引起大规模的暴发流行[1].2005年底浙江省某地妇儿医院报告婴幼儿肺炎病例骤增,2005年12月-2006年1月间我们对当地医院采集的24例急性期患者的鼻咽吸引物标本进行型特异性RSV荧光定量RT-PCR、免疫荧光法快速检测,并进行病毒分离和主要抗原基因的进化分析.
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普米克气雾剂防治婴儿合胞病毒感染性哮喘的疗效观察
婴儿被呼吸道合胞病毒(RSV)感染后很容易罹患婴儿哮喘.1994~1999年我科对RSV感染后引起喘息的婴儿使用了普米克气雾剂(布地奈德气雾剂)早期吸入来防治哮喘的发生,取得了一定的疗效,现报道如下.
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呼吸道合胞病毒感染的药物治疗进展
呼吸道合胞病毒(RSV)是婴幼儿下呼吸道感染的重要病原,其主要病变累及毛细支气管,亦可累及支气管和肺泡而致RSV肺炎,临床表现为发热、咳嗽和呼吸困难、喘憋等,RSV所致肺炎临床表现较危重,病死率高,故受到极大的关注.
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Background: To investigate the clinical characteristics and analyze risk factors for severe respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection in hospitalized infants with acute lower respiratory tract infections (ALRIs).
Methods: A retrospective review of the medical records of infants with RSV-associated ALRIs between March 1st, 2011 and February 29th, 2012 was conducted. Subjects were followed up over the phone or by outpatient visit six and twelve months after discharge.
Results: Among 913 RSV-associated ALRIs infants, 288 (31.5%) had severe infections, which accounted for 4.2% of hospitalized children. The hospital RSV mortality rate was 1.0%. The proportions of cases with tachypnea, apnea, cyanosis, and fine rales were significantly higher in the severe ALRIs group (all P<0.001). Multivariate logistic regression showed that low-birth-weight [1.698 (1.028-2.805)], age less than 3 months old [3.385 (2.174- 5.271)], congenital heart disease [1.667 (1.149-2.418)], bronchopulmonary dysplasia [8.505 (1.731-41.780)], and airway abnormalities [2.246 (1.008-5.005)] were independent risk factors for severe ALRIs. The incidence of bronchitis, pneumonia and readmission in the severe group was significantly higher than that of the non-severe group during the one-year follow-up (all P<0.001).
Conclusions: Younger age, low birth weight and underlying disease are associated with severe RSVassociated ALRIs. Furthermore, severe RSV infections may be associated with a higher frequency of subsequent bronchitis, pneumonia and re-hospitalization in the following year.