系统性血管炎:流行病学、分类和环境因素

有经验的临床医师继续面临系统性血管炎的许多挑战.该病的疾病谱和严重性都有很大范围,从突然威胁生命或视力的疾病到相对轻微的皮肤病变.5年来在其发病机理的研究上有了稳定的进展,但事件触发和结局的确切性质仍未明了.病因显然是多因素的,影响这种疾病的可能因素有:种族、遗传(HLA和其他)、性别和环境(紫外线、感染、毒素、药物、吸咽及手术).甚至有限的流行病学资料也有许多不同之处,提示在不同的血管炎综合征中并非所有的影响因素在同时起作用.本文将着重于分类、流行病学和环境因素在发病作用方面的新进展.Systemic Vasculitis:Epidemiology,Classification and Environmental Factors

基因和环境因素的交互作用与食管癌的关系

目的:从环境、基因、遗传三方面综合探讨食管癌的致病因子以及致病因子之间的交互作用.方法:采用病例对照研究,结合免疫组化SP法检测病例和对照组的组织标本中p53,p16和CyclinD1三种基因蛋白的表达.采用多因素Logistic回归分析方法.结果:在α=0.10的显著性水准下,常吃霉变红薯(P=6.396)、吸烟(P=3.054)、食管癌家族史(P=6.120)、P53蛋白表达阳性(P=7.028)、P16蛋白表达缺失(P=4.676)等为安溪县食管癌的危险因素,饮茶(P=0.241)、豆制品(P=0.160)是保护因素.因素之间的交互作用效应分析结果表明:P53蛋白高表达、P16表达缺失与吸烟、常食用红薯、食管癌家族史均存在明显的协同作用,饮茶与p53突变、食管癌家族史之间具有拮抗作用.结论:环境、遗传、基因三因素在福建省食管高发区起着重要作用,基因-环境因素之间的交互作用在食管癌肿瘤的发生过程中尤为重要.

In the western world a sharp rise in the incidence of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has been observedsince the early 1950s. The increase in the incidence of ulcerative colitis preceded the increase in the incidenceof Crohn's disease by about 10 - 15 years. In high incidence areas, a female preponderance at a young age isobserved in Crohn's disease, whereas in ulcerative colitis male incidence is still high at older ages. IBD ismore common in the western world than in eastern areas and, in both the United States and Europe, a north-south gradient has been reported, with IBD more common in the north than in the south. There are alsoindications that in typically low-incidence areas, more cases are being seen lately. Rates for Japan suggestthat this Asian population is now affected with approximately equal frequency as western populations withregard to ulcerative colitis; Crohn's disease in contrast is still less common. The prevalence of Crohn'sdisease in the Chinese populations in Hong Kong and Singapore appears to be increasing, and more cases havealso been observed lately in central China. This could be due to a greater awareness and better availability ofhealth care and/or improved study methods. However, it may also be a real increase, reflecting changingenvironmental factors. Both genetic factors and environment are thought tO be important in developing IBD,the observed increase during the past decennia is probably due to environmental factors since genetic make-upcannot change that quickly. Smoking is the only consistent risk factor in case-control studies, but does notseem to explain the observed changes in incidence and age and gender distribution in the two diseases,nutrition and life-style factors changed to a great extent during the period in which the rising incidence ofIBD has been reported. Following the temporal trends in these areas and using case-control settings in apopulation based manner during the coming years should prove to be of great interest, as this might shedsome light on the role of environmental factors in the etiology of IBD.

Heat Related Illnesses

KEY POINTS· Heat illnesses range in severity from mild (heat rash, heat syncope, cramps) to serious (heat exhaustion, heat injury, heat stroke).· Although heat illness can occur in anyone, an increased risk is associated with a variety of environmental factors, personal characteristics,health conditions, and medications.

第八届环境因素联合作用国际学术会议简介

第八届环境因素联合作用国际学术会议(8th International Conference on Combined Effects of Environmental Factors,ICCEF'98),于1998年9月19日至23日在奥地利首都维也纳召开.

中国精神分裂症分子遗传研究

Schizophrenia is a complex disease caused by genetic and environmental factors with a global heritability of more than 80%. By the end of the 1970s, Chinese scientists reported a heritability of schizophrenia of 82.9% in the Chinese Han population. Continuous improvements in research techniques and the recruitment of larger samples have made it possible for Chinese scientists to identify a number of candidate susceptibility genes for schizophrenia. This article reviews the results in genetic research of schizophrenia by Chinese scientists over the last five decades.

Study on the interaction between polymorphisms of FOXO3A gene and environmental factors in longevity at Bama county,Guangxi province

Objective:To study the interaction between the polymorphisms of FOXO3A and the environmental factors in the longevity district of Bama county.Methods:Using Taqmaq probe,genotyping of FOXO3A gene was performed for 200 longevous elderly (aged 90-110)and 288 healthy controls (aged 48-89).The interaction between the polymorphisms of gene and environmental factors were analyzed by using conditional logistic regression.Results:Minor allele frequencies (MAF)of five known SNPs in FOXO3A gene were higher in cases than in controls (P＜0.05).There was a positive interction between minority alleles of rs2764264 in FOXO3A gene and the environment factors in the longevity district(OR=1 1.08,γ=1.075).Conclusion:Five SNPs of FOXO3A gene would be closely correlated with human longevity in Bama.The interaction between the polymorphisms of FOXO3A genes rs2764264 and the environment factors in the longevity district had synergy to longevity.The longevity phenomenon in Bama probably was the result of the interaction between gene and environmental factors.