Human leukocyte antigen-DP loci are associated with the persistent infection of hepatitis B virus in Chinese population

A genome-wide association study recently showed that genetic variants in human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-DP loci were strongly associated with a risk of persistent infection of hepatitis B virus (HBV) in Japanese and Thai individuals and variants in interleukin 28B (IL-28B) have been associated with responses to anti-hepatitis C virus (HCV) treatment.The aim of this study was to investigate whether the HLA-DP loci and IL-28B were associated with different outcomes of chronic HBV infection (CHB) in Chinese subjects.The rs9277535 near HLA-DPB1,rs3077 near HLA-DPA1,and rs12979860 near IL-28B were genotyped by direct sequencing in 185 CHB patients and 193 self-limited hepatitis B virus (SLHBV)-infected subjects who recovered from HBV infection.The rs9277535 near HLA-DPB1 was strongly associated with CHB ( P =0.000018 1,OR =1.905).This association was observed independent of HBV e antigen (HBeAg) status and HBV viral loads in HBeAg-positive CHB patients (P =0.0004,OR =1.956),in HBeAg-negative CHB patients (P =0.000 9,OR =1.857),and in HBeAg-negative CHB individuals without detectable levels of HBV DNA in serum ( P =0.001 1,OR =2.05).The rs3077 near HLA-DPA1 was associated with CHB (P =0.020 6,OR =0.686 5) and HBeAg-positive CHB infection status ( P =0.014 3,OR =0.604 7).Meanwhile,a genetic variation of insertion-deletion (INDEL) polymorphism (rs361527,-/ATAAATGTTGA) near HLA-DPA1 was found to be associated with CHB (P =0.030 7,OR =0.702 8)and HBeAg-positive CHB infection status (P =0.023 3,OR =0.619).However,the rs12979860 genotype near IL-28B had no correlation with CHB.This study demonstrated that in the Han Chinese populations,HLA-DP loci,but not IL-28B,were associated with persistence of infection in different outcomes of HBVinfected patients; however,the mechanism needs to be further investigated.

应用同工酶技术研究我国湖北钉螺(腹足纲:麂眼螺超科:圆口螺科)不稳定螺群体内的遗传变异

[Objective] To answer the following questions:① For Oncomelania snails collected two years apart from the same locality,has there been genetic divergence?②How much experimental error has there been in studying subsets of these populations? ③As this is an unstable population,what has the net effect been on Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium(Hwe)?[Methods] Allozymes were studied using horizontal starch gel electrophoresis.Data collected from numbers of experiments were conapiled.Data from each collection were divided into two equal subsets based on chronology of the experiments.Thirty-four loci were studied using 72 to 180 snails per subset.[Results] The mean number of alleles per locus ranged frcra 1.5～1.9.With each consecutive subset,the 96 polymorphic loci dropped from 38.2 to 17.6.The mean heterozygosity was very low:0.033 to 0.049 and not significantly different from Hardy-Weinberg expectations.Ten loci and 11 alleles exclusive to the first group were eliminated from the overall study reducing the number of polymorphic loci from 19 to 10.There were significant departures from Hwe at five loci having a substantial number of individuals for each allele.Nei's and Wright's D were 0.003±0.001 and 0.054±0.006 respectively.[Conclusion] ①There were significant errors seen primarily in the results scored' in the earliest experiments.②These earlier errors involving scoring difficult to resolve loci,and interpretation of rare alleles that were not found in later experiment had no significant effect on overall genetic distance.③The use of Wright's D for closely related populations is explained.Results with Nei's D indicated no significant difference among the four subunits; Wright's D yielded significant difference between the collections made two years apart,attributed to the annual flooding of the Yangtze River mixing snails from different localities.④ Major polymorphic loci were not in Hwe as predicted using the unstable population model.⑤One must study 25 or more individuals to find relatively rate alleles and study population genetics.

分子遗传学方法在日本血吸虫遗传变异及分子分类上的应用

由于自然地理环境等生态环境因素的长期影响,使得来自不同宿主、不同生态环境的日本血吸虫虫株之间普遍存在遗传变异.研究日本血吸虫的遗传变异不仅是血吸虫病研究的重要组成部分,而且对如何防治日本血吸虫病也具有重要意义.蛋白质(酶)学等传统的方法为鉴定这种遗传变异曾起到了一定作用[1],但不能全面准确地反映基因变异情况.本文就近年来分子遗传学方法在日本血吸虫遗传变异及分子分类学上的应用作一概述.

Pancreatic cancer is a fatal malignancy with an increasing incidence in Shanghai, China. A genome-wide association study (GWAS) and other work have shown that ABO alleles are associated with pancreatic cancer risk. We conducted a population-based case-control study involving 256 patients with pathologicaly confirmed pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) and 548 healthy controls in Shanghai, China, to assess the relationships between GWAS-identified ABO alleles and risk of PDAC. Carriers of the C alele of rs505922 had an increased cancer risk [adjusted odds ratio (OR) = 1.42, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.02-1.98] compared to TT carriers. The T alleles of rs495828 and rs657152 were also significantly associated with an elevated cancer risk (adjusted OR = 1.58, 95% CI: 1.17-2.14; adjusted OR = 1.51, 95% CI: 1.09-2.10). The rs630014 variant was not associated with risk. We did not find any significant gene-environment interaction with cancer risk using a multifactor dimensionality reduction (MDR) method. Haplotype analysis also showed that the haplotype CTTC was associated with an increased risk of PDAC (adjusted OR = 1.46, 95% CI: 1.12-1.91) compared with haplotype TGGT. GWAS-identified ABO variants are thus also associated with risk of PDAC in the Chinese population.

明党参栽培过程中遗传变异的RAPD分析

目的:从DNA水平上分析野生型明党参和栽培得到的明党参植株之间的遗传变异.方法:通过RAPD分子标记方法,筛选了80个随机引物,其中有52条随机引物能够扩增出条带,从中选取7个多态性强、重复性好的引物进行扩增.结果:实验共检测到31个位点,13个多态性位点,多态位点比率为41.9%,平均每个引物扩增4～5个条带,多态性条带2个.聚类分析显示野生明党参和栽培明党参之间遗传间距达0.277.结论:研究结果表明RAPD分子标记方法可以鉴定野生和栽培明党参,结果也表明明党参在栽培过程中出现了较强的遗传变异.