This paper surveys models and statistical properties of random systems of hard particles. Such systems appear frequently in materials science, biology and elsewhere. In mathematical - statistical investigations, simulations of such structures play an important role. In these simulations various methods and models are applied, namely the RSA model, sedimentation and collective rearrangement algorithms, molecular dynamics, and Monte Carlo methods such as the Metropolis - Hastings algorithm. The statistical description of real and simulated particle systems uses ideas of the mathematical theories of random sets and point processes. This leads to characteristics such as volume fraction or porosity, covariance,contact distribution functions, specific connectivity number from the random set approach and intensity, pair correlation function and mark correlation functions from the point process approach. Some of them can be determined stereologically using planar sections, while others can only be obtained using three - dimensional data and 3D image analysis. They are valuable tools for fitting models to empirical data and, consequently, for understanding various materials, biological structures, porous media and other practically important spatial structures.

AIM To study the clinicopathological significance of CD15 antigen expression and its contents in humancarcinoma.METHODS CD15 expression and its contents in 45 cases of gallbladder carcinoma, 17 cases of gallbladderadenoma and 10 cases of chronic cholecystitis were evaluated by microwave-LSAB immunohistochemicaltechnique combined with image analysis.RESULTS Positive rate of CD15 and its integral absorbance (optic density) in the gallbladder carcinomawere 71% and 4.0±3.2 respectively, being significantly higher than 35% (6/17) and 0.9±0.3 in thegallbladder adenoma, 20% (2/10) and 0.4±0.1 in chronic cholecystitis (P<0.05, P<0.01). In grade Ⅱ-Ⅲ cancer, they were 90% (17/19) and 5.4±1.7, being significantly higher than 58% (15/26) and 2.2±3.1 in grade I cancer (P<0.05, P<0.01). In lymph node positive cases, they were 88% (21/24) and 6.5±3.5, which were significantly higher than 52% (11/21) and 3.3±2.1 in the negative ones (P<0.025,P<0.01).CONCLUSION CD15 expression and its contents could be involved in aggresiveness of gallbladdercarcinoma and might be a useful indicator to evaluate the malignancy and biological features, and could beconsidered as a good prognostic predictor for patients with gallbladder carcinoma.

计算机图像分析系统对白癜风的测定与分析

2006年1月～2007年5月,我科应用皮肤计算机图像分析(computer digital image analysis,CDIA)系统对白癜风患者正常皮肤与皮损进行了测定与研究,现报道如下:1 资料与方法1.1 临床资料47例均为我科门诊白癜风患者,其中男27例、女20例;年龄20～45岁,平均28.80岁.白癜风病程1～18a,平均4.58a.所有观察对象在进入研究前至少2周停用所有外用药物及其它的各种治疗方法.

腔隙性脑梗死CT影像分析

腔隙性脑梗死是中老年人常见的多发脑病.现收集196例我院近3年有明确病史的非外伤性、经CT诊断为腔隙性脑梗死患者,对其病灶形态、大小及病理机制、血流动力学改变进行回顾性分析.

晚期周围神经损伤后感觉功能恢复中:脊髓后角P物质及降钙素基因相关肽的变化

背景:晚期周围神经损伤有无修复价值?如果脊髓神经元中P物质和降钙素基因相关肽的变化发生了不可逆的变化,其修复后也预示着感觉功能的缺失. 目的:定量研究周围神经损伤24周后,脊髓后角中P物质和降钙素基因相关肽的变化.设计:建立以大鼠坐骨神经损伤为研究对象的实验模型,损伤后24周为远期观察点,自身对照(对侧空白组),定量化研究.单位:第四军医大学骨科研究所.材料:实验于2002-10/2003-05在第四军医大学骨科研究所完成.SD大鼠55只,分成11组,即坐骨神经切断1,2,3,4,6,8,10,12,16,20,24周各组.干预:切断大鼠一侧坐骨神经并结扎其近端的方法建立周围神经损伤模型;另一侧为对照侧.应用计算机图像分析技术测试P物质和降钙素基因相关肽免疫反应区的面积.主要观察指标:各组大鼠脊髓后角中P物质和降钙素基因相关肽阳性纤维的终末分布面积的变化.结果:55只大鼠均进入结果分析.①P物质时间序列表示:周围神经损伤后2～6周,P物质在脊髓后角免疫反应区面积下降至低,随之回升,至16周恢复正常,20,24周无明显的进一步变化.②脊髓后角降钙素基因相关肽阳性纤维和终末分布面积损伤与自身对照侧的比值:1周时1.14,6周时1.13,24周时0.29,各时间点基本相似(P＞0.05)结论:周围神经损伤至晚期,脊髓后角及后根神经节细胞合成和分泌P物质及降钙素基因相关肽的功能尚未受到破坏,脊髓后角已处于一种稳定的平衡状态,仍有恢复感觉功能的神经学基础.