一氧化氮在骨骼肌损伤与修复中的作用机制研究进展

一氧化氮(nitric oxide,NO)是体内的一种低分子量的信号转导分子,是一氧化氮合酶(nitric oxide synthase,NOS)在体内表达调控的产物,其在骨骼肌中的作用机制大体上可分为两种:直接作用和间接作用.NO的直接作用即NO本身的作用,当局部NO的浓度小于1μmol/l时,NO可直接与许多分子结合或反应,从而发挥其生理或保护作用[1],但在炎症损伤作用等病理状态下,LPS 和IFN-γ或IFN-α、INF-β及IL-1α等炎症趋化因子(chemokine)的共同作用,可大量诱生骨骼肌中iNOS的表达,从而使NO的局部浓度剧升.这样NO可与氧自由基等反应生成活性氮氧化合物(reactive nitrogen oxide species,RNOS),RNOS在骨骼肌等组织的病理损伤过程中起着重要的作用.

成人吸入一氧化氮治疗:欧洲专家建议介绍

1概况近几年,在欧洲手术室和重症监护室吸入一氧化氮(inhaled Nitrogen Oxide,iNO)已被广泛用于治疗急性呼吸衰竭和肺动脉高压(PAH).在上世纪80年代中期,Higenbotham及其同事率先证实原发性PAH患者iNO可以选择性降低肺动脉压.

2-(2-乙缩醛)邻苯二甲酸酯对小鼠睾丸、肝脏、肾脏和胰腺的短期影响

Aim: To determine the biochemical effect of di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) on testes, liver, kidneys and pancreas on day 10 in the process of degeneration of the seminiferous epithelium. Methods: Diets containing 2% DEHP were given to male Crlj:CD1(ICR) mice for 10 days. The dose of DEHP was 0.90 ± 0.52 mg/mouse/day. Their testes, livers, kidneys and pancreata were examined for detection of mono-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (MEHP), nitrogen oxides (NOx) produced by peroxidation of nitric oxide (NO) with free radicals, and lipid peroxidation induced by the chain reaction of free radicals. Results: Histological observation and serum analysis showed the presence of severe spermatogenic disturbance, Leydig cell dysfunction, liver dysfunction and dehydration. Unexpectedly, the concentration of MEHP in the testes was extremely low compared with that in the liver. However, the concentration of the NOx in the testes was as high as the hepatic concentration. Furthermore, free radical-induced lipid peroxidation was histochemically detected in the testes but not in the liver. Conclusion: The results indicate that DEHP-induced aspermatogenesis is caused by the high sensitivity of the testicular tissues to MEHP rather than the specific accumulation or uptake of circulating MEHP into the testes.

Air pollution in China comes from multiple sources, including coal consumption, construction and industrial dust, and vehicle exhaust. Coal consumption in particular directly determines the emissions of three major air pollutants: dust, sulfur dioxide (SO2), and nitrogen oxide (NOx). The rapidly increasing number of civilian vehicles is expected to bring NOx emission to a very high level. Contrary to expectations, however, existing data show that the concentrations of major pollutants [particulate matter-10 (PM10), SO2, and nitrogen dioxide (NO2)] in several large Chinese cities have declined during the past decades, though they stil exceed the national standards of ambient air quality. Archived data from China does not ful y support that the concentrations of pol utants directly depend on local emissions, but this is likely due to inaccurate measurement of pollutants. Analyses on the cancer registry data show that cancer burden related to air pol ution is on the rise in China and wil likely increase further, but there is a lack of data to accurately predict the cancer burden. Past experience from other countries has sounded alarm of the link between air pollution and cancer. The quantitative association requires dedicated research as well as establishment of needed monitoring infrastructures and cancer registries. The air pol ution-cancer link is a serious public health issue that needs urgent investigation.