Application of single and combination therapy of clarithromycin and tamoxifen to suppress breast cancer cell proliferation and metabolism

Objective This study compares the anti-tumor effects of single and combination use of clarithromycin and tamoxifen on estrogen receptor (ER) positive breast cancer cell lines,BT-483 and MCF-7 as well as triple negative cell line,MBA-MD-231,which acts as a negative control.The effect of solid breast tumor inhibition by clarithromycin is also studied.Method BT-483,MCF-7 and MBA-MD-231 were cultured in 6-well plates in a 37 ℃ humidified incubator without CO2 for 24 h prior to the addition of the test drugs.The test groups were clarithromycin ( Group 1 ),tamoxifen ( Group 2 ),clarithromycin and tamoxffen ( Group 3 ),and control ( Group 4 ).Group 3 was prepared in 1 to 1 ratio at a concentration of 1.5 mmol/L clarithromycin and 25 μmol/L tamoxifen.On the other hand,1 mm3 solid breast tumors were submerged into various groups as above for 24 h.On the harvest day,the proliferation of cancer cells and solid breast tumor samples were measured by WST-1 proliferation reagent while ATP bioluminescence assay was employed to measure the metabolic rate of the three cell lines.Results The proliferation of BT-483 and MCF-7 was suppressed most by combination use of clarithromycin and tamoxifen with statistical significance.The two drugs did not have an inhibitory effect on the hormonal negative cancer cells.For solid breast tumor samples,all the test groups showed reduced metabolic rate as compared with the control group ( P＜0.05 ).Conclusion Combination use of tamoxifen and clarithromycin are effective in suppressing cell proliferation and metabolism rate of breast cancer cells while single use of clarithromycin effectively inhibits the proliferation of solid breast tumor.

Is it necessary to do axillary dissection in old women with breast cancer?A meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials

Efficacy of volume navigation in assessment of extent of breast cancer

Objective Immediate physical exercise has been recommended for patients in the recovery phase to improve survival and quality of life ( QOL ) and reduce recurrence of disease .The new NCCN Guidelines for Survivorship also highlighted the role of exercise in post -cancer health , encouraging patients to perform light physical activity following treatment .The aim of our study is to effect of Tai Chi Chuan ( TCC) on serotonin and cortisol for monitoring stress and QOL in post-treatment breast cancer patients .Methods Totally 85 post-treatment breast cancer patients were enrolled in this study to observe the effects of practicing TCC on recovery , as well as stress and happiness which are indicators of QOL of in patients .Peripheral blood was drawn from study subjects to analyze the levels of serotonin , cortisol and high sensitive C-reactive protein ( HS-CRP) at baseline, and at 3, 6 and 12 months of TCC practice .Blood was drawn from healthy subjects only at baseline . A QOL questionnaire was administered to study subjects at three time points throughout the study , and once for healthy controls.The data were processed by analysis of variance of repeated measurement .Results At 3, 6 and 12 months time points following regular TCC exercise , WBC, RBC, hemoglobin in blood samples showed a statistically significant difference ( F=161.55 , 172.14 , 289.73; all P=0.00 ) ; the level of serotonin (biomarker for well-being), cortisol (indicator of stress) and HS-CRP (biomarker for inflammation) showed a statistical improvement (F=307.46, 182.85, 102.23; all P=0.00).After 3, 6 and 12 months of regular TCC exercise, according to the results of QOL questionnaire , the indicators including quality of sleep , perceived hunger, fatigue, contentment, stress and social interaction presented a significant difference (F=312.98 , 222.64 , 543.90 ,46.05 ,28.10 ,78.92 , all P<0.05 ) , while there was no statistical difference in life dissatisfaction ( F=56.61 , P=0 .166 ) Conclusions TCC physical activity for post-treatment breast cancer patients improved QOL and overall well-being, leading to improved mental , physical and psychological functioning .Regulated levels of serotonin and cortisol mediated by TCC exercises are proved to be vital for continued good health .

New development of breast cancer histological evaluation related to determination of therapeutic option for the patients

Breast cancer is a heterogenous disease with molecular alterations, cellularcomposition, and clinical outcome.The more we know about the tumor characteristics underlying the heterogeneity of the disease, the greater the opportunity to refine treatment options.Great emphasis has been placed uponhistopathological characteristics of breast carcinoma cells in order to define bettertreatment options for breast cancer patients[1-2].

Methods of early detection: would clinical breastexamination and breast ultrasonography be a good alternative to mammography?

Breast cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer deaths among women[1].In the past 40 years,breast cancer incidence has doubled or even tripled in developed countries such as South Korea and Japan; whereas it is about 20% to 30% in China and India in the past decade[2-4].An increasing incidence rate of 3% each year was observed in mainland China[5].

Mechanisms of endocrine resistance in breast cancer

The term "therapy resistance", in many ways, is not a uniform term.First, it is important to distinguish therapy failure from prognostication[1].While, on the one hand, the fact that a tumor recurrence means that some tumor cells must have survived despite the therapy applied, the fact that example lymph node negative tumors have a lower risk of relapse as compared with node positive ones relate to tumor biology, or metastatic propensity, a factor independent of those biological parameters that may cause drug resistance.

Giant phyllodes tumor in both breasts:one case report and literature review

Breast phyllodes tumor (BPT),which is composed of epithelial cells and fibrous connective tissue,is a special type of tumor and yet not unified in biological behavior and histological classification,with high risk of recurrence and potential metastasis.BPT in one side has high incidence in clinic while BPT in both sides is rarely found.We treated one patient with giant BPT in both sides and reported as follows.1 Case reportThe patient,female,aged 49,was admitted due to a rapidly increased lump in the right breast in June 2010,and she complained that the lump had increased from the size of "an egg" to the size of "a basketball" in August and had then been treated as suspected inflammation with anti-inflammatory treatment before admission but failed.Physical examination on admission showed an about 35 cm× 32 cm ×33 cm huge lump in the right breast,firm and poorly-movable,with reddish purple and mildly warm epidermis,swollen but not ulcerated (Fig.1).

高龄乳腺癌患者的临床治疗策略

随着人口老龄化，高龄乳腺癌发病率增加，然而关于高龄乳腺癌治疗的有效性和不良反应方面的数据很少。为了明确高龄乳腺癌的临床治疗策略， Shachar等于2016年2月在Journal of Oncology Practice上发表了题目为“Breast cancer in women older than 80 years”的一篇综述，作者在文章中强调了老年身心评估的角色以及它指导高龄早期和转移性乳腺癌治疗的意义。该文是 Shachar 等对通过( octogenarian OR age 80 OR aged 80 OR 80 years ) AND ( breast cancer OR breast neoplasms)等检索词且没有采用语言限制或应用其他过滤工具在PubMed和Embase上检索截至2015年10月的相关文章进行综述。现将该文摘译如下。

RBAP96 Mediates Radiosensitivity of Breast Cancer Cells via Interacting with Retinoblastoma Protein

Objective To identify a novel retinoblastoma protein(RB)-associated protein(RBAP 96)and to explore the impact of RBAP96 on radiosensitivity of human breast cancer cells.Methods An in vivo and in vitro association of RBAP96 with RB was determined by immunoprecipitation-Western blotting and GST pull-down assay.Protein expression was measured by Western blot assay.Cellular survival was evaluated by using a colony formation assay.Results In both in vitro and in vivo assays,we found that the RBAP96 and RB interaction required a 513LXCXE517 motif on the RBAP96 protein and an intact A/B binding pocket of RB.RBAP96 enhances RB-mediated transcriptional repression.Finally,enforced expression of RBAP96 caused an elevated radiosensitivity of human breast cancer cells bearing wtRB,but did not affect radiosensitivity of breast cancer cells bearing mutant RB.Expression of a full-length RBAP96 with an 513LXCXE517 inactivating mutation(LXCXE→RXRXH) failed to result in any radiosensitivity alteration.Conclusion This study for the first time characterizes a novel RB-interacting protein RBAP96 and demonstrates that enforced expression of RBAP96 causes an increase of RBAP96-mediated transcription activation and radiosensitivity via a RB-interacting dependent manner.

Objective To develop a computer-aided diagnosis(CAD)system with automatic contouring and morphologic and tex-tural analysis to aid on the classification of breast nodules on ultrasound images .Methods A modified Level Set method was pro-posed to automatically segment the breast nodules(46 malignant and 60 benign nodules) .Following ,16 morphologic features and 17 texture features from the extracted contour were calculated and principal component analysis(PCA)was applied to find the optimal feature vector dimensions .Fuzzy C-means classifier was utilized to identify the breast nodule as benign or malignant with selected principal vectors .Results The performance of morphologic features was 78 .30% for accuracy ,67 .39% for sensitivity and 86 .67%for specificity ,while the latter was 72 .64% ,58 .70% and 83 .33% ,respectively .After the combination of the two features ,the re-sult was exactly the same with the morphologic performance .Conclusion This system performs well in classifying the malignant breast nodule from the benign breast nodule .

Objective: The aim of this study was to reveal the exact changes during the occurrence of breast cancer to explore significant new and promising genes or factors related to this disease.
Methods: We compared the gene expression profiles of breast cancer tissues with its uninvolved normal breast tissues as controls using the cDNA microarray analysis in seven breast cancer patients. Further, one representative gene, named IFI30, was quanti-tatively analyzed by real-time PCR to confirm the result of the cDNA microarray analysis.
Results: A total of 427 genes were identified with significantly differential expression, 221 genes were up-regulated and 206 genes were down-regulated. And the result of cDNA microarray analysis was validated by detection of IFI30 mRNA level changes by real-time PCR. Genes for cell proliferation, cell cycle, cell division, mitosis, apoptosis, and immune response were enriched in the up-regulated genes, while genes for cell adhesion, proteolysis, and transport were significantly enriched in the down-regulated genes in breast cancer tissues compared with normal breast tissues by a gene ontology analysis.
Conclusion: Our present study revealed a range of differentially expressed genes between breast cancer tissues and normal breast tissues, and provide candidate genes for further study focusing on the pathogenesis and new biomarkers for breast cancer.
Copyright ? 2015, Chinese Medical Association Production. Production and hosting by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of KeAi Communications Co., Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).