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尿毒症血液透析患者乙型病毒性肝炎疫苗的应用现状
透析患者长期处在免疫低下的状态,其细胞免疫、中性粒细胞功能和补体活性的缺陷,使透析个体对乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)的易感性增加.此外,透析机的污染,血滤器、血路管的复用,以及工作人员与不同患者的接触,均促进了HBV在透析患者中的传播.流行病学研究早已证实,透析患者中HBV的感染率远高于一般人群,且60%以上呈慢性感染过程,常无典型临床表现,加之受透析状态药代动力学的影响,抗病毒药物佳剂量难以掌握,因此,透析患者合并HBV感染的治疗较为棘手,预防HBV感染则显得至关重要.
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AIM To explore molecular biology developing mechanism of non-and-hyporesponder.METHODS Thirty children (3-7 years old) were selected whose anti-HBs titres were lower than 10min/mLand HBsAg, anti-HBc were negative. 843 children were defined as non-and-hyporesponders. Control groupswere 30 normal responders to HB vaccine. Experiment groups and control groups Peripheral venous bloodwas drawn in preservative-free heparin (25 U/mL), and unfractionated mononuclear cells were obtained byFicoll gradient centrifugation. Cell suspensions were routinely incubated in complete culture medium at 37℃for 1 h before cultured to eliminate cytophilic antibodies. Mononuclear cell concentration of cell suspensionsmust be geared to 1×105 cells/mL with complete culture medium, taking these cell suspensions (1 mL) intoflatbottom 24-well culture plates, then ConA 10 mg/L was added to wells and the plates were incubated at37C in a humidified atmosphere of 95% air and 5% CO2 for 48 h. This cell culture supernatants wereremoved to test tubes and level centrifugation (2000rpm) for 10 minutes, upper liquid was samples of IL-2 orIL-6. IL-2 or IL-6 activity was measured by CTLL-2 cells or 7TD1 cells toxin transfer test methods respectly.The results were expressed as stimulation index (SI) which represent the ratio of the mean counts per minute in quadruplicate well containing IL-2 (or IL-6) samples or IL-2 (or IL-6) standard solution to the meancounts per minute in quadruplicate wells containing cells and medium only.RRSULTS Interleukin-2 (IL-2) mean activity (74.5±64.1 U/mL) of the non-and-hyporesponders tohepatitis B vaccine in the 20 subjects was much less than that of the normal responder groups (298.0±101.1)to hepatitis B vaccine (t = 5.23, P<0.01); The correlation coefficient (r) between the anti-HBs levels andIL-2 activity in the 20 normal response to HB vaccine was 0.68 (r = 0.68, P<0.05). There was a positivecorrelation between the anti-HBs levels and IL-2 activity. Difference in interleukin-6 mean activity was noted in serum from subjects who responded to HB vaccinecompared with those who failed to respond. The responder groups (58.98±16.4) had a significantly higherIL-6 activity than the non-and-hyporesponder groups (30.10±12.4) (t =5.68, P<0.05). The correlationcoefficent of the IL-6 activity and titers of serum anti-HBs in the responder groups was 0.79 (P<0.05).CONCLUSION Some cytokines as IL-2 and IL-6 play an important role in the response to HB vaccine.
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乙型肝炎疫苗的研究、生产和应用
As WHO suggested, Hepatitis B Vaccines is one of vaccines to prevent travel-related diseases since Hepatitis B can be transmitted with the sex action and some humors. Here is the general introduction for the Research, Manufacturing and Application of Hepatitis B Vaccine in China.
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重组(汉逊酵母)乙型肝炎疫苗致过敏性紫癜一例
患者女,21岁.在右上臂三角肌肌肉注射重组(汉逊酵母)乙型肝炎疫苗(recombinant hepatitis B vaccine,大连高新生物制药有限公司生产,国药准字S20040016,产品批号2004060102)0.5 ml.1 d后出现全身皮肤瘙痒,并出现米粒样大小的出血斑.
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上海市儿童基因工程乙肝疫苗加强免疫初步分析
乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)感染可导致急、慢性乙型肝炎、肝硬化,甚至原发性肝癌等疾病[1].目前对乙肝病人尚无特异的治疗方法,接种乙肝疫苗是预防HBV感染为有效、经济和简便的方法.
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儿童乙肝疫苗免疫后7~15年血清学调查
新生儿乙肝疫苗的免疫接种已经在我国普遍实施.萧山区于1993年开始实行新生儿免费接种乙肝疫苗.本次研究对本镇接种乙肝疫苗的新生儿和儿童进行随访观察,观察其免疫后血清学表现.
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乙肝疫苗免疫失败影响因素分析
为研究和探讨成人乙肝疫苗免疫的成功率,我们开展了成人乙肝疫苗免疫失败影响因素研究,现将研究情况报告如下.
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适龄儿童麻疹百白破和乙肝疫苗基础免疫的成功率监测
免疫成功率监测是考核和评价疫苗接种质量和效果的主要方法.为了解适龄儿童完成麻疹疫苗、百白破疫苗、乙肝疫苗基础免疫后抗体阳转情况,评价麻疹疫苗、百白破疫苗、乙肝疫苗免疫效果,舟山市于2009-2010年在全市范围内开展健康人群麻疹、百日咳、白喉和破伤风免疫成功率监测,现将监测情况分析如下.
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某中小学校学生HBsAg携带情况与乙肝疫苗保护效果调查
为了解文昌市美文地区橡胶研究所中小学生的乙型肝炎感染情况,探讨乙型肝炎血源疫苗在预防乙型肝炎方面的效果,我们于1999年11月对该所中小学生835人进行HBsAg携带情况调查,并对部分按免疫程序接种乙型肝炎血源疫苗的低年龄学生进行乙肝疫苗预防效果分析,现将结果报告如下.