Previous studies suggested that smoking and passive smoking could increase the risk of breast cancer, but the results were inconsistent, especial y for Chinese females. Thus, we systematical y searched cohort and case-control studies investigating the associations of active and passive smoking with breast cancer risk among Chinese females in four English databases (PubMed, Embase, ScienceDirect, and Wiley) and three Chinese databases (CNKI, WanFang, and VIP). Fifty-one articles (3 cohort studies and 48 case-control studies) covering 17 provinces of China were finally included in this systematic review. Among Chinese females, there was significant association between passive smoking and this risk of breast cancer [odds ratio (OR): 1.62; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.39-1.85; I2 = 75.8%, P < 0.001; n = 26] but no significant association between active smoking and the risk of breast cancer (OR:1.04;95%CI:0.89-1.20;I2=13.9%, P=0.248;n=31). The OR of exposure to husband’s smoking and to smoke in the workplace was 1.27 (95% CI: 1.07-1.50) and 1.66 (95% CI: 1.07-2.59), respectively. The OR of light and heavy passive smoking was 1.11 and 1.41, respectively, for women exposed to their husband’s smoke (<20 and≥20 cigarettes per day), and 1.07 and 1.87, respectively, for those exposed to smoke in the workplace (<300 and≥300 min of exposure per day). These results imply that passive smoking is associated with an increased risk of breast cancer, and the risk seems to increase as the level of passive exposure to smoke increases among Chinese females. Women with passive exposure to smoke in the workplace have a higher risk of breast cancer than those exposed to their husband’s smoking.

维生素D受体基因多态性与肺结核关系的Meta分析

目的 分析维生素D受体基因多态性与肺结核易感性的病例对照研究的结果. 方法 应用Meta-analysis,以Fleiss模型和DerSimonian and Nan Laird模型(D-L模型)对6项研究结果进行数据处理. 结果 累计病例841例,对照1419例,采用Fleiss模型计算的合并OR值ff vs FF为1.20(0.84～1.71),Ff vs FF为0.99(0.81～1.21),D-L模型计算的合并OR值ff vs FF为1.12(0.67～1.86),Ff vs FF为0.99(0.80～1.23).失效安全数小于1. 结论 尚不能认为维生素D受体基因多态性是肺结核易感性的影响因素.

我国医用X射线工作者染色体畸变的Meta-analysis

目的了解我国医用X线工作者近年来染色体畸变的状况.材料与方法收集了1993年～2001年来中国7个地域的关于医用X线工作者染色体畸变分析的公开发表的文章共8篇.以检查细胞数、染色体畸变细胞数和畸变率为基本数据,应用Meta分析方法对数据进行综合处理.结果与结论我国医用X线工作者外周血淋巴细胞的染色体畸变率从统计学的角度讲已明显高于对照组,相关人员应加强防护.

两种运动模式器械预备根管疗效比较的系统评价

目的:系统评价使用往复运动模式系统WaveOne和连续旋转运动模式系统ProTaper预备根管的疗效.方法:计算机检索PubMed、EMBASE、The Cochrane Library、CNKI、VIP和WanFang Data数据库,按照纳入、排除标准,搜集使用往复运动系统WaveOne和连续旋转运动系统ProTaper预备根管的相关临床随机对照试验(RCT),收集日期截止至2017年11月.根据Cochrane系统评价手册,对纳入研究进行偏倚风险评估,采用RevMan 5.3软件进行Meta分析.结果:共纳入7个RCT,往复运动器械WaveOne组(W组)共351例,连续旋转运动器械ProTaper组(P组)共349例.Meta分析结果显示,两种运动模式系统根管预备术后疼痛发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(RR合并=0.97,95％CI=0.74～1.29),.两种系统轻度疼痛、中度疼痛和重度疼痛的发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(RR合并轻度疼痛=0.86,95％CI轻度疼痛=0.55～1.35;RR合并中度疼痛=1.23,95％CI中度疼痛=0.59～1.35;RR合并重度疼痛=0.73,95％CI重度疼痛=0.26～2.05).WaveOne预备根管所需的时间少于ProTaper,差异有统计学意义(MD合并=-109.77,95％CI=-129.03～-90.52,P<0.001).结论:使用往复运动模式器械WaveOne和连续旋转运动器械ProTaper预备根管的术后疼痛发生率接近,临床效果相似,但是往复运动器械WaveOne预备根管的时间少于连续旋转运动器械ProTaper.

First-line therapy for newly diagnosed epilepsy (e.g. carbamazepine)is generally considered effective.However,in a significant proportion of patients (especially in the elderly),us-age may be limited by unwanted adverse events.To synthesize ev-idence regarding efficacy and tolerability of lamotrigine as first line, monotherapy or prophylactic antiepileptic. MEDLINE, PsycINFO,Scopus,EMBASE,and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL)were searched from inception to June 2014.Randomised controlled trials (RCTs)comparing lam-otrigine with carbamazepine monotherapy for newly diagnosed epi-lepsy.Eligible studies were independently selected and methodo-logical quality was independently evaluated by two reviewers. Effects were summarized using standardized hazard ratio (HR)or odds ratio (OR)with suitable effect models.Pre-specified sensi-tivity analyses were performed to explain heterogeneity.Nine stud-ies involving 2793 participants met the inclusion criteria.The effects of lamotrigine compared with carbamazepine in patients with newly diagnosed seizures were investigated in all studies.We found that carbamazepine was inferior in comparison to lamotrigine when measuring the proportion of remaining seizure free in the elderly (hazard ratio (HR)1.71;95%confidence interval (CI) 1.27 to 2.29)but notthe children and the adult.There was strong evidence for the tolerability profile of lamotrigine compared with carbamazepine in the Retention rates (HR 1 .67;95%CI 1 . 43 to 1.94).Moreover,lamotrigine lead to less adverse events. Lamotrigine and carbamazepine showed similar efficacy on newly diagnosed epilepsy but better efficacy in the elderly than carbam-azepine.Furthermore,lamotrigine was better tolerated.

SCL-90test results of the family members of patients with schizophrenia in China:a meta-analysis

Objective To evaluate the mental health status of family members of patients with schizophrenia in China.Methods Wan Fang,CNKI,VIP,CBM,Springer Link,ScienceDirect and PubMed databases were searched to collect the relevant studies published prior to August 2016 that were about the psychological health status of the family members of patients with schizophrenia measured with the SCL-90 scale and Software Stata 11.0 was used for their meta-analysis.Results A total of 20 studies was included in this meta-analysis.Scores of somatization affection,obsessive-compulsive symptoms,interpersonal sensitivity,depression,anxiety,hostility,phobic anxiety,and paranoia ideation of the family members were significantly higher than those of general population norms in 2006 (P＜0.05).Scores of somatization affection,interpersonal sensitivity,depression,anxiety,hostility,phobic anxiety,paranoia ideation,and psychoticism of the family members were significantly higher than control group (P ＜ 0.05).Moreover,the difference was not statistically significant between male and female family members in mental health status (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion Compared with the general population,psychological distress was more reported in the family members of patients with schizophrenia.There was no statistic significantly difference between male and female members.

BACKGROUND: Continuous regional arterial infusion (CRAI) is a drug delivery system, which dramatically increases the drug concentration in the pancreas. Previous clinical and basic stud-ies have demonstrated the possible therapeutic efficacy of CRAI for severe acute pancreatitis (SAP). This meta-analysis of all published randomized controlled trials (RCTs) was conducted to assess the efficacy and safety of CRAI for the treatment of SAP.
DATA SOURCES: Up to August 10, 2014, RCTs comparing CRAI with intravenous infusion for SAP in PubMed, Embase, EBSCO, MEDLINE, Science Citation Index Expanded, Cochrane Library, China Academic Journals Full-Text Database, Chinese Biomedi-cal Literature Database, and Chinese Scientific Journals Data-base were selected by two independent reviewers. The relative risk (RR) and their 95% confidence intervals (CI) for duration of elevated serum amylase and urine amylase, duration of ab-dominal pain, infection rate, incidence of complication, overall mortality, curative rate, hospital stay and details of subgroup analysis were extracted. Meta-analyses were made using the software Review Manager (RevMan version 5.10).
RESULTS: Six RCTs with 390 patients meeting the inclusion criteria were included in the final analysis. Compared with intravenous infusion route, CRAI significantly shortened the duration of elevated urine amylase (MD=-2.40, 95%CI=-3.20, -1.60; P<0.00001) and the duration of abdominal pain (MD=-1.46, 95% CI=-1.94, -0.98; P<0.00001), decreased the incidence of complication (RR=0.35, 95% CI=0.15, 0.81;P=0.01) and overall mortality (RR=0.25, 95% CI=0.08, 0.78;P=0.02), shortened the duration of hospital stay (MD=-10.36, 95% CI=-17.05, -3.68; P=0.002), and increased the curative rate (RR=1.66, 95% CI=1.13, 2.46; P=0.01). No mortality and catheter-related infections due to CRAI administration was reported in these studies. Subgroup analysis showed that the combination of drug administration via CRAI did not signifi-cantly improve the outcomes.
CONCLUSION: CRAI is effective for the treatment of SAP, and the combination of drug administration via CRAI did not have a significant effect on the improvement of the outcomes.