中国药理学报（英文版）杂志
Acta Pharmacologica Sinica
- 论文标题 期刊级别 审稿状态
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大鼠腹腔肥大细胞脱颗粒过程中磷脂酶D活性的变化
AIM: To study the changes of phospholipase D (PLD) activity of actively sensitized rat peritoneal mast cells (RPMC) in degranulation. METHODS: Degranulation of RPMC was determined by measurement of β-hexosaminidase release. PLD activity assay was carried out by measurement of PLD product, choline, with chemiluminescent oxidation of luminol. RESULTS: Actively sensitized RPMC challenged with ovalbumin (0.5-8 mg/L for 120 s, 4 mg/L for 15-120 s) resulted in significant activation of PLD accompanied with the increment of β-hexosaminidase release. PLD activity of sensitized RPMC was increased by more than 2-fold compared with that of unsensitized RPMC which contained low levels of PLD activity [(35+ 13) pmol choline/min in 1 x 106cells], but β-hexosaminidase releases of the sensitized cells were as low as spontaneous releases. After challenge with ovalbumin 4 mg/L for 120 s, PLD activity of sensitized RPMC was increased to (155+43) pmol choline/min in lx 106cells and β-hexosaminidase release was also elevated significantly (4.5-fold of spontaneous release, n=6, P＜0.05). When unsensitized RPMC were stimulated with antigen, PLD activity and β-hexosaminidase release of the cells were hardly changed.Sensitized RPMC were treated with 1% 1-butanol or 2,3- disphosphoglycerate l0 mmol/L before challenge with ovalbumin, these drugs induced an inhibition of PLD activity and a reduction of β-hexosaminidase release to basal level. 1-Butanol 0.1% also worked. CONCLUSION: Phospholipase D plays an important role in the regulation of β-hexosaminidase release in actively sensitized rat peritoneal mast cells.
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活性炭血液灌流对重度敌敌畏中毒的治疗作用
AIM: To assess the efficacy of hemoperfusion (HP) in the treatment of the patients with acute severe dichlorvos (DDVP) poisoning. METHODS: One hundred and eight patients with acute severe DDVP poisoning in the two teaching hospitals were enrolled. Sixty-seven patients were treated with HP (HP group) and forty-one patients accepted traditional treatment only as the control. Serum concentration of DDVP was determined by gas chromatography. RESULTS: The duration of coma, impaired consciousness, ICU stay, and mechanical ventilation was significantly shorter in the HP group than that in the control. The cumulative dosages (mg) of atropine required either in the first 24 h on admission (442±436 vs 899±485 in the control, P＜0.01) or within the hospital (568±574 vs 1228±982 in the control, P＜0.01) were markedly reduced in the HP patients. The lower incidence of mechanical ventilation required (13.4 ％ vs 36.6 ％ P＜0.01), respiratory muscular paralysis (4.5 ％ vs 17.1％, P＜0.05) and the lower mortality of death (7.5 ％ vs 34.1％, P＜0.01) were observed in the HP group. HP could accelerate the recovery of suppressed cholinesterase activity. After the procedure, the DDVP level was decreased from (11±±4) to (7±±3) mg/L in parallel with a decline in APACHE Ⅱ Score or dopamine dose and a rise in Glasgow Coma Scale (P＜0.05). In addition, the mean values of peak clearance and reduction rate were (87±17) Ml/min and 44 ％±±11％,respectively. CONCLUSION: The rapid fall in blood DDVP level and the dramatic clinical response suggest that HP is effective in the treatment of acute severe DDVP poisoning.
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鞘内注射NMDA和AMPA受体激动剂或拮抗剂对异丙酚抗伤害作用的影响
AIM: To study the effects of intrathecal (it) agonists and antagonists of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) and alphaamino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole-propionic acid (AMPA) receptors and NMDAR1 antisenseoligodeoxynucleotides (AS ODN) on the antinociception of propofol. METHODS: Hot-plate test (HPPT) and acetic acid-induced writhing test were used to measure the nociceptive thresholds in mice. The effects of intrathecal NMDA, AMPA, MK-801, NBQX, or NMDAR1 AS ODN on the antinociception of propofol were observed.RESULTS: Propofol (25, 50 mg/kg, ip) displayed an appreciable antinociceptive effect in hot-plate test and acetic acid-induced writhing test. NMDA (12.5, 25 ng, it) or AMPA (1.25, 2.5 ng, it) exhibited no effects on the behavior but decreased HPPT significantly compared with basal HPPT and aCSF group (P＜0.05, P＜0.01). No effects on behavior and HPPT were obtained in NMDA (6.25 ng, it) or AMPA (0.625 ng, it) groups. NMDA (6.25, 12.5, and 25 ng, it) dose-dependently decreased the HPPT in propofol-treated group. AMPA (1.25, 2.5 ng, it) also decreased HPPT significantly. MK-801 (0.25, 0.5 μg, it) or NBQX (0.25, 0.5 μg, it) groups had no behavioral changes, two antagonists 0.5 μg but not 0.25 μg increased HPPT in conscious or propofol-treated mice. AS ODN (5, 10, and 20 μg, it) groups exhibited dose-dependent increased in HPPT in propofol-treated groups compared with aCSF group (P＜0.05, P＜0.01). CONCLUSION: Both agonists NMDA and AMPA reversed the antinociception of propofol.MK-801, NBQX, and NMDAR1 AS ODN potentiated the antinociceptive effects of propofol. Propofol produced antinociception through an interaction with spinal NMDA and AMPA receptors in mice.
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15-deoxy-△12,14-prostaglandin J2对ECV304细胞增殖与凋亡的影响
AIM: To investigate the effects of 15-deoxy-△12,14-prostaglandin J2 (15d-PGJ2) on cell proliferation and apoptosis in ECV304 endothelial cells and related molecular mechanism. METHODS: MTT, Hoechst33258, TUNEL, Flow cytometry, DNA ladder, RT-PCR, Western blot, and electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) analysis were employed. RESULTS: The 15d-PGJ2 induced apoptosis in ECV304 endothelial cells in a dose-dependent manner (the percentage of apoptosis was enhanced from 10.0 %+1.3 % to 32.8 %+1.6%), which was accompanied by inhibition of NF-κB and AP-1 DNA binding activity, down-regulation of c-myc, upregulation of Gadd45 and p53,and activation of p38 kinase. However, the expression of p21 was found no significant change. CONCLUSION:peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma ligand, 15d-PGJ2, can inhibit proliferation and induce apoptosis in ECV304 endothelial cells through different mechanisms.
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p44/p42 MAPK反义寡脱氧核苷酸对血管紧张素Ⅱ诱导的培养乳鼠心肌细胞肥大反应的抑制作用
AIM: To explore the inhibitory effect of antisense oligonucleotide (ODN) to mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) on cardiomyocyte hypertrophy induced by angiotensin Ⅱ (Ang Ⅱ). METHODS: A 17-mer phosphorothioateprotected antisense ODN directed against the initiation of translation sites of the p42 and p44 MAPK isoforms by liposomal transfection was applied to inhibit the translation of p44/p42 MAPK mRNA. The sense and random ODNs to p44/p42MAPK were used as sequence controls. Neonatal cardiac myocytes were exposed to Ang Ⅱ (10 nmol/L) for 5 min and then harvested in lysis buffer for the measurement of the activity and the phosphorylated protein content of p44/p42MAPK that were tested by P-81 phosphocellulose filter paper method and Western blotting, respectively. The rate of protein synthesis by [3H]leucine incorporation and the diameter of cell were measured after exposure to Ang Ⅱ for 24 h and 72 h, respectively. RESULTS: In cardiac myocyte Ang Ⅱ increased p44/p42MAPK activity and phosphorylated protein content by 140 % and 699 %, and also increased [3H]leucine incorporation and cell diameter by 40 % and 27 %. c-fos and c-myc mRNAs were induced significantly after exposure to Ang Ⅱ. Antisense ODN to p44/p42MAPK (0.2 μmol/L) reduced Ang Ⅱ-induced MAPK activity by 30 %,and phophorylated MAPK protein expression by 59 % in cardiac myocyte, and inhibited c-fos and c-myc mRNA expression induced by Ang Ⅱ by 44 % and 43 %, respectively. The diameter and the rate of protein synthesis of cardiac myocyte induced by Ang Ⅱ were decreased by 16 % and 22 % after pretreatment with antisense ODN to p44/p42MAPK. CONCLUSION: Antisense ODN to p44/p42 MAPK inhibited the increase of rate of protein synthesis,and the augmentation of cell diameter and expression of c-fos and c-nyc mRNA induced by Ang Ⅱ in cultured cardiac myocytes, p44/p42 MAPK played a critical role in the hypertrophic response induced by Ang Ⅱ in cultured neonatal rat cardiac myocytes.
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托吡酯对Lewis肺癌转移的抑制作用与水通道蛋白1的关系
AIM: To study the effect of topiramate on tumor metastasis and its relation with aquaporin 1 (AQP1) water channel. METHODS: Lewis lung carcinoma metastatic model was used to determine the effect of topiramate on tumor growth and metastasis. Colorimetric estimation was used to investigate the action of topiramate on carbonic anhydrase (CA) activity. Western blotting and immunohistochemical analysis were used to study the influence of topiramate on AQP1 water channel expression in lungs or tumor tissues of mice bearing Lewis lung carcinoma.cantly (P＜0.05). Its inhibitory rate of metastasis was 81.25 %. Topiramate inhibited CA activity in lungs of mice in a dose-dependent manner. Topiramate apparently decreased AQP1 protein expression and immunostaining in lungs or in tumor microvessel endothelial cells of mice. CONCLUSION: Suppression of AQP1 water channel expression may be an important pathway for the inhibitory effect of topiramate on tumor metastasis.
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前胡甲素对缺血再灌注心肌NF-κB活性和TNF-α表达的影响
AIM: To study the effects of dl-praeruptorin A (Pd-Ia) on nucleus factor-κB (NF-κB) activativity and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) expression in ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) myocardium. METHODS: Langendorff's isolated rat heart was subjected to a 10-min ischemia followed by a 30-min reperfusion. NF-κB activity in nucleus was analyzed by Sandwich Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). TNF-α level in cytoplasm was measured by radioimmunoassay. Infiltration of neutrophils was observed using Hematoxylin-Eosin staining under optical microscope. RESULTS: Pd-Ia 1.0 μmol/L with 30-min preventive perfusion decreased NF-κB activity from 0.98±0.13 to 0.65±0.17 (P＜0.05 vs solvent) and down-regulated TNF-α expression from 13.7±6.1 μg/L to 9.4±2.7 μg/L (P＜0.01 vs solvent) under conditions with increase of coronary flow, negative inotropic action,inhibition of creatine kinase and without chronotropic action, whereas, infiltration of neutrophils was mild.CONCLUSION: Pd-Ia inhibited NF-κB activativity in I/R myocardium and led to down-regulation of TNF-α expression, which might be one of molecular mechanisms of Pd-Ia in cardioprotection.
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采用RNA干扰技术抑制A549细胞表皮生长因子受体表达
AIM: To investigate the biological features of A549 cells in which epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptors expression were suppressed by RNA interference (RNAi). METHODS: A549 cells were transfected using short small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) formulated with Lipofectamine 2000. The EGF receptor numbers were determined by Western blotting and flowcytometry. The antiproliferative effects of sequence specific double stranded RNA(dsRNA) were assessed using cell count, colony assay and scratch assay. The chemosensitivity of transfected cells to cisplatin was measured by MTT. RESULTS: Sequence specific dsRNA-EGFR down-regulated EGF receptor expression dramatically. Compared with the control group, dsRNA-EGFR reduced the cell number by 85.0 %,decreased the colonies by 63.3 %, inhibited the migration by 87.2 %, and increased the sensitivity of A549 to cisplatin by four-fold. CONCLUSION: Sequence specific dsRNA-EGFR were capable of suppressing EGF receptor expression, hence significantly inhibiting cellular proliferation and motility, and enhancing chemosensitivity of A549 cells to cisplatin. The successful application of dsRNA-EGFR for inhibition of proliferation in EGF receptor overexpressing cells can help extend the list of available therapeutic modalities in the treatment of non-small-cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC).
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野生型p53增强药物耐药的人肝癌细胞Bel7402/5-FU的化疗敏感性
AIM: To study the effect of wild type (wt) p53 gene transfection on drug resistant human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells induced by 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU). METHODS: The cytotoxicity of anticancer drugs on Be17402 and Be17402/5-FU cells was assessed using SRB assay. p53 expression was detected at its mRNA level by RT-PCR assay and at its protein level Western blot or immunocytochemistry assay in Be17402/5-FU cells transfected with either control vector or wt p53. AnnexinV-FITC/PI double labeled assay was performed to detect apoptosis. The chemosensitivity of Be17402/5-FU cells transfected with wt p53 was assessed using SRB assay. RESULTS: Be17402/5-FU cells exhibited cross-resistance to vincristine, doxorubicin, paclitaxel, and so on. wt p53 gene transfection upregulated the expression of p53 in Be17402/5-FU cells. wt p53 was able to greatly inhibit cell proliferation and significantly induce apoptosis in Bel7402/5-FU cells. Moreover, wt p53 gene transfection increased the chemosensitivity of Be17402/5-FU cells to some anticancer drugs. CONCLUSION: These results indicated that the wt p53 gene transfection not only induced suppression of cell growth, but also increased the sensitivity of Be17402/5-FU cells to 5-FU, vincristine, and doxorubicin.
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维拉帕米在大鼠肝微粒体中代谢产物的体外鉴定
AIM: To investigate the metabolism of verapamil at low concentrations in rat liver microsomes. METHODS: Liver microsomes of Wistar rats were prepared using ultracentrifuge method. The in vitro metabolism of verapamil was studied with the rat liver microsomal incubation at concentration of 1.0 μmol/L and 5.0 μmol/L. The metabolites were separated and assayed by liquid chromatography-ion trap mass spectrometry (LC/MSn), and further identified by comparison of their mass spectra and chromatographic behaviors with reference substances. RESULTS: Eight metabolites, including two novel metabolites (M4 and M8), were found in rat liver microsomal incubates. They were identified as O-demethyl-verapamil isomers (M1 - M4), N-dealkylated derivatives of verapamil (M5-M7), and N, O-didemethyl-verapamil (M8). CONCLUSION: O-Demethylation and N-dealkylation were the main metabolic pathways of verapamil at low concentrations in rat liver microsomes, and the relative proportion of them in verapamil metabolism changed with different substrate concentrations.
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高效液相色谱-电喷雾电离质谱联用法同时测定人血浆中喹硫平及其三个代谢产物
AIM: To develop a high performance liquid chromatography-electrospray mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/ESI)method for simultaneous determination of quetiapine and its sulfoxide-, 7-hydroxy-, 7-hydroxy-N-dealkyl-metabolites in human plasma. METHODS: The HPLC separation of the compounds was performed on a Kromasil C18, (5 μm, 4.6 mm× 150 mm) column, using water (formic acid: 1.70 mmol/L, ammonium acetate: 5.8 mmol/L)-acetonitrile (65:35) as mobile phase, with a flow-rate of 0.95 mL/min. The compounds were ionized in the electrospray ionization (ESI) ion source of the mass spectrometer and detected in the selected ion recording (SIR) mode. The samples were extracted using solid-phase extraction columns. RESULTS: The calibration curves were linear in the ranges of 10-2000 μg/L for quetiapine, 1-200 μg/L for its metabolites, respectively. The average extraction recoveries for all the four samples were above 85 %. The methodology recoveries were much higher than 95 %. The intra-day and inter-day RSD are less than 15 %. CONCLUSION: The method is accurate, sensitive, and simple for study of pharmacokinetics and metabolic mechanism of quetiapine in patients at therapeutic dose.
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线粒体ATP敏感性钾通道激活延缓大鼠心肌缺血引起的细胞间电脱耦联
AIM: To test the hypothesis that cellular uncoupling induced by myocardial ischemia is mediated by activation of mitochondrial ATP-sensitive potassium channels (mitoKATP). METHODS: Rat hearts were perfused on a Langendorff apparatus and subjected to 40-min ischemia followed by 30-min reperfusion (I/R). Changes in cellular coupling were monitored by measuring whole-tissue resistance. RESULTS: (1) In hearts subjected to I/R, the onset of uncoupling started at (13.3±1.0) min of ischemia; (2) Ischemic preconditioning (IPC) delayed the onset of uncoupling until (22.7± 1.3) min. Blocking mitoKATP channels with 5-hydroxydecanoate (5-HD) before the IPC abolished the uncoupling delay [(12.6+1.6) min]; (3) Calcium preconditioning (CPC) had the same effect as IPC. And this effect was reversed by blocking the mitoKATP channel again. In the CPC group the onset of uncoupling occurred after (20.6±1.3) min, and this was canceled by 5-HD [(13.6±0.8) min]; (4) In hearts pretreated with the specific mitoKATP channel opener diazoxide before sustained ischemia, the onset was delayed to (18.4+ 1.4) min; (5) 5-HD canceled the protective effects of diazoxide (12.6±1.0) min; and both the L-type Ca2+ channel inhibitor verapamil and the free radical scavenger N-(2-mercaptopropionyl)glycine, reduced the extended onset time induced by diazoxide [to (13.3± 1.8) min and (13.4±2.1) min, respectively]. CONCLUSION: IPC and CPC delay the onset of cellular uncoupling induced by acute ischemia in rat heart, and the underlying mechanism involves activation of the mitoKATP channels.
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乙酰唑胺和anordiol对注射水通道蛋白1-cRNA的爪蟾卵母细胞渗透水通透性的影响
AIM: To study the effects of acetazolamide and anordiol on osmotic water permeability in aquaporin 1 (AQP1)-cRNA injected Xenopus oocyte and their mechanisms. METHODS: AQP1 gene constructed in pBluescript was transcripted into cRNA in vitro and then the cRNA was injected in Xenopus oocytes. The effects of acetazolamide and anordiol on the water transport function of AQP1 were observed by assaying the osmotic swelling of oocytes.In addition, their effects on protein expression of AQP1 were quantitatively investigated by Western blotting method.RESULTS: After incubation for 15 min or 72 h, acetazolamide, a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor, equally reduced the water permeability of AQP1-cRNA injected oocyte in a dose-dependent manner. After incubation for 72 h, anordiol,an antiestrogen with partial estrogenic activity, reduced the osmotic water permeability dose dependently as well;however, no discernable action was observed after incubation with anordiol for 15 min. The Western blotting analysis showed that acetazolamide did not influence the protein expression of AQP1. However, after incubation for 72 h with anordiol (10 μmol/L), the quantity of AQP1 in the oocyte membrane was decreased dramatically (P＜0.05). CONCLUSION: Both acetazolamide and anordiol inhibited the osmotic water permeability of AQP1cRNA injected oocyte, but their mechanisms were different. Acetazolamide functionally inhibited the osmotic water permeability of AQP1, whereas anordiol primarily decreased the amount of AQP1 protein in the oocyte membrane.
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β-肾上腺素受体增强α1-肾上腺素受体介导的大鼠左心耳正性变力效应
AIM: To investigate whether stimulation of β-adrenoceptor (AR) and its subtypes augment α1-AR-evoked positive inotropic response and inositol phosphate (InsP) accumulation in isolated rat left atria. METHODS: Inotropic response was determined by contractile function experiment in isolated electrically driven rat left atria. 3H-InsP accumulations were measured by 3H-inositol incorporation and column chromatography. RESULTS: (1) Stimulation of α1-AR by phenylephrine (PE) or norepinephrine (NE) in the presence of propranolol (Prop) evoked positive inotropic response and 3H-InsP accumulations, while stimulation of β-AR by isoprenaline (ISO) or NE in the presence of phentolamine (Phen) only evoked positive inotropic response, but not 3H-InsP accumulations. (2) Simultaneous stimulation of α1- and β-AR by NE or ISO plus PE significantly shifted the concentration-dependent inotropic response curves and 3H-InsP accumulation curves to the left and upward compared with individual α1-AR stimulation by PE or NE in the presence of Prop. (3) In the presence of ICI118551 (selective β2-AR antagonist) or CGP12177 (selective β1-AR antagonist), stimulation of either β1- or β2-AR did not change α1-AR-evoked inotropic response and 3H-InsP accumulations. CONCLUSION: Stimulation of β1-AR and β2-AR potentiates α1-AR-mediated positive inotropic response and InsP accumulation in isolated rat left atria.
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茶多酚抑制环孢菌素A诱导的慢性肾毒性大鼠转化生长因子-β1的表达
AIM: To investigate the inhibitory effect of tea polyphenols (TP) on the transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1)expression in rat model of cyclosporine A (CsA)-induced chronic nephrotoxicity. METHODS: The rat model of CsA-induced chronic nephrotoxicity was used, 4 groups of rats were respectively treated with vehicle (0.1 mL .kg-1.d-1 At the end of day 28 of treatment, serum and urine are analyzed for creatinine clearance, kidney tissue for pathologic analysis. The TGF-β1 mRNA and its protein expression were detected by RT-PCR, immunohistochemistry,and Western blot. RESULTS: CsA-treated rats had increased renal expression of TGF-βl mRNA and its protein,compared with the vehicle- or TP- treated controls. The renal function and interstitial fibrosis were ameliorated and renal expression of TGF-β1 mRNA and its protein was decreased in animals treated with CsA plus TP, compared with aminals treated with CsA alone (P＜0.05). CONCLUSION: TP significantly inhibits renal expression of TGFβ1 in rat model of cyclosporine-induced chronic nephrotoxicity, suggesting that the decreased renal expression of TGF-β1 exerted by TP is one of mechanisms to protect renal function and tissue structure.
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氯胺酮,咪唑安定,硫喷妥钠和异丙酚对大鼠皮层脑片缺血性损伤的作用
AIM: To compare the effects of ketamine, midazolam, thiopental, and propofol on brain ischemia by the model of oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) in rat cerebral cortical slices. METHODS: Cerebral cortical slices were incubated in 2 % 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) solution after OGD, the damages and effects of ketamine,midazolam, thiopental, and propofol were quantitativlye evaluated by ELISA reader of absorbance (A) at 490 nm,which indicated the red formazan extracted from slices, lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) releases in the incubated supernate were also measured. RESULTS: Progressive prolongation of OGD resulted in decreases of TTC staining.The percentage of tissue injury had a positive correlation with LDH releases, r=0.9609, P＜0.01. Two hours of reincubation aggravated the decrease of TTC staining compared with those slices stained immediately after OGD (P＜0.01). These four anesthetics had no effects on the TTC staining of slices. Ketamine completely inhibited the decrease of A value induced by 10 min of OGD injury. High concentrations of midazolam (10 μmol/L) and thiopental (400 μmol/L)partly attenuated this decrease. Propofol at high concentration (100 μmol/L) enhanced the decrease of A value induced by 10 min of OGD injury (P＜0.01). CONCLUSION: Ketamine, high concentration of midazolam and thiopental have neuroprotective effects against OGD injury in rat cerebral cortical slices, while high concentration of propofol augments OGD injury in rat cerebral cortical slices.
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GM-CSF,IL-3和GM-CSF/IL-3融合蛋白对辐射致髓样白血病细胞株Tf-1凋亡的影响
AIM: To observe the effects of three cytokines on the apoptosis of Tf- 1 cells induced by γ irradiation and investigate the relationship between apoptosis and caspase-3 activity. METHODS: Different cytokines GM-CSF, IL-3 and GM-CS/IL-3 fusion protein were added into the irradiated Tf-1 cells. MTT assay, morphology, flow cytometry,and DNA fragmentation assay were used to observe the effects of cytokines on apoptosis. The caspase-3 activity was determined with a fluorocytometer. RESULTS: Irradiated Tf-1 cells showed typical morphological characteristic of apoptosis demonstrated by transmission electron microscopy and were accumulated in G0/G1 phase. In the groups treated with growth factors after irradiation, three cytokines significantly increased the viability rate, distinctly decreased the apoptosis rate and the proportion of DNA fragmentation. When Tf- 1 cells were irradiated by γ irradiation, caspase-3 activity was increased at different time points. In comparison with the control group in which no growth factor was added after the cells were irradiated, the caspase-3 activity of irradiated Tf-1 cells was significantly inhibited by addition of the above cytokines. Thirty-six hours after irradiation, in the control group,GM-CSF, IL-3, GM-CSF and IL-3 in combination, and two GM-CSF/IL-3 fusion protein groups, the apoptosis rate was 73 %, 11%, 15 %, 13 %, 12 %, and 13 %. The percent of fragmented DNA was 36 %, 19 %, 18 %, 14 %,13 %, and 14 %. The fluorescence intensity was 16923, 5529, 6581, 5322, 5426, and 5485. CONCLUSION:GM-CSF, IL-3, and GM-CSF/IL-3 fusion protein could protect Tf-1 cells from apoptosis induced by γ irradiation.After Tf-1 cells were irradiated, the caspase-3 activity was significantly increased but was dramatically decreasedby the above cytokines. The remarkable inhibition of caspase-3 activity may be one of the mechanisms of thesehematopoietic growth factors exerting their anti-apoptotic effects.
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吴茱萸碱通过不同途径诱导肿瘤细胞死亡:凋亡和坏死
AIM: To study the different death pathways in human cervical cancer HeLa and melanoma A375-S2 cells initiated by evodiamine. METHODS: Viability of evodiamine-induced HeLa and A375-S2 cells was measured by MTT assay. Apoptotic cells with condensed or fragmented nuclei were visualized by Hoechst 33258 staining. Nucleosomal DNA fragmentation was assayed by agarose gel electrophoresis. Proportion of cell death through apoptotic and necrotic pathways was determined by LDH activity-based cytotoxicity assays. Cell cycle distribution was observed by flow cytometry. RESULTS: Evodiamine induced HeLa and A375-S2 cell death dose- and time-dependently.Caspase-3 and-8 were activated in apoptosis induced by evodiamine 15 μmol/L. However, over 24- h incubation of A375-S2 cells, evodiamine 15 μmol/L initiated necrosis related to p38 and ERK (extracellular signal-regulated kinases)activities. Evodiamine-induced HeLa cell death was preceded by an accumulation of cells at the G2/M phase of the cell cycle, but there was no significant effect of evodiamine on A375-S2 cell cycle. CONCLUSION: Evodiamine induces caspase-3,8-dependent apoptosis in HeLa cells which is related to G2/M arrest of the cell cycle. On the other hand, in A375-S2 cells, evodiamine initiates caspase-3,8-mediated apoptosis at early stages and the induction of MAPK-mediated necrosis at later stages of cell culture.
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生物体内分子间相互作用模拟方法进展
Modeling of molecular interactions is increasingly used in life science research and biotechnology development.Examples are computer aided drug design, prediction of protein interactions with other molecules, and simulation of networks of biomolecules in a particular process in human body. This article reviews recent progress in the related fields and provides a brief overview on the methods used in molecular modeling of biological systems.
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