Objective To investigate the morbidity, clinical characteristics and treatment experience of Hangman fracture combined with tracheal injury and to discuss the classiifcation, degrees, injury mechanism, clinical manifestations, accessory examination and treatment experience of tracheal injury, so as to improve clinicians’ understanding of the disease. Methods The clinical data of 1 case of Hangman fracture combined with tracheal injury were reported.“Hangman fracture, tracheal injury and cervical spine fracture”were taken as the keywords to search for documents in the databases such as china national knowledge internet ( CNKI ) Database, Wanfang Theses and Dissertations Database, VIP Full-Text Database, Pubmed Database and so on, and then these documents were reviewed. Results At present, similar reports about the cases of Hangman fracture combined with tracheal injury had not been found at home and abroad. However, there were a large number of literature reviews about tracheal injury, and 26 articles in all. The classiifcation, degrees, injury mechanism, clinical manifestations and treatment experience of tracheal injury were mainly reported. The patient was followed up for 6 months after he left our hospital. Bone union was achieved, and his trachea was healed perfectly, without wheeze or choking sensation in chest. He was still followed up. Conclusions Hangman fracture combined with tracheal injury is very rare, and no reports have been found until now. Great attention should be paid to the patient with Hangman fracture who has lacerations of skin in the underjaw and parietal region, with serious swelling in the anterior and posterior neck, skin satiety in the anterior neck, subcutaneous ecchymoma and sense of snow grip. It should be checked carefully if there is tracheal injury. Tracheal injury can be mainly divided into 3 categories and 5 degrees. There are 3 dominant theories about the injury mechanism. Clinical manifestations mainly include skin contusion in the neck and upper chest, subcutaneous congestion, sense of snow grip in the neck, haemoptysis, hoarseness, wheeze, subcutaneous emphysema and so on. According to the trauma history and clinical manifestations, we can make a diagnosis. The auxiliary examinations mainly includes indirect laryngoscope, computed tomography ( CT ), magnatic resonance imaging ( MRI ) and so on. Tracheal injury treatment mainly includes surgical repair treatment.