AIM To study the expression of cathepsin B in gastric carcinoma and its relationship with pathologic type.METHODS The cathepsin B expression in 54 specimens of human gastric adenocarcinoma was studied byimmunohistochemistry.RESULTS The cathepsin B expression was detected in 33/54 (61.1%) specimens of human gastriccarcinoma and in 3/54 (5.6%) of normal tissue (P<0.01). There was no obvious correlation between theexpression of cathepsin B and pathologic type of gastric adenocarcinoma.CONCLUSION There is a high expression of cathepsin B in human gastric adenocarcinoma.

AIM To explore the components and the distributions of the cytoskeleton network in neoplastic Hep G2 cellsextracted with triton X-100 and (NH4)2SO4.METHODS Using the mouse lung adenocarcinoma cell sublines (C6/C7) with low and high metastasis as acontrol, the human hepatocellular carcinoma cell line (Hep G2) as well as the cell sublines (C6/C7) wasextracted with triton X-100 and/or (NH4)2SO4, then stained with Coomasie blue R250 or labeled withimmunoenzymatic technique to identify the cytokeratin-type or vimentin-type intermediate filamentcomponents and study the distributions of cytoskeleton comparatively.RESULTS Extracted with triton X-100 and/or (NH4)2SO4, then stained with Coomasie blue R250, the cells'cytoskeleton network were showed clearly; still it was very difficult to identify the variations of thecytoskeleton network in morphology by light microscopy when the same cells was extracted with the differentextraction above; compared with the low metastasis cells (C7), most of the high metastasis cells (C6) werelikely showed that the distribution of the cytoskeleton network was more irregular and uneven as well asgathering on one side to the cell neucleus, and so did a few of Hep G2 cells (the percentage of regular andeven distribution of cytoskeleton, C6: 8.0±1.0; C7: 84.0±2.0; Hep G2: 96.0±2.0; n = 500; x2-test,P<0.01). Moreover, extracted with triton X-100 and (NH4)2SO4, then labeled by immunoenzymatictechnique, the mouse lung adenocarcinoma sublines (C6/C7) were positive for cytokeratin antibody only, butthe hepatocellular carcinoma cell (Hep G2) was positive for both cytokeratin and vimentin antibodies.Besides these, in the same cells, the distribution of the intermediate filament network showed by theimmunoenzymatic technique was nearly keeping with that of the cytoskeleton network showed by Coomasieblue R250 stain.CONCLUSION ① It is very difficult to identify the variations of the cytoskeleton network in morphologyby light microscopy when the same cell was extracted with triton X-100 and/or (NH4)2SO4 then stained withCoomasie blue R250 in comparsion. ② The characterizing distribution of the intermediate filament as well asthe ctoskeleton network that was irregular, uneven and gathering on one side to the nucleus in neoplastic cellmight provide a valuable information for studing tumor metastasis. ③ In analysing the components ofintermediate filament protein of malignant tumor cells, the heterogenous proteins (co-expression) must betaken into consideration.

中国巴雷特食管及其早期腺癌筛查与诊治共识(2017,万宁)

Patients with Barrett's esophagus (BE)/columnar lined esophagus (CLE) and adenocarcinoma are increasing,in whom 0.61％ BE/CLE would develop to adenocarcinoma.The prognosis of esophageal cancer is related to the tumor stage at diagnosis.To standardize the screening,diagnosis and therapy of BE and adenocarcinoma in China,31 digestive diseases and digestive endoscopy experts and digestive histologists drafted the consensus on the basis of clinical experience and references.The consensus defined BE as a complication of gastroesophageal reflux disease.The normal distal squamous epithelial lining is replaced by columnar epithelial.The squamous-columnar junction (SCJ) is above the gastroesophageal junction (GEJ) ≥ 1 cm and proved by endoscopy and histology.Adenocarcinoma developing in BE mucosa is called BE adenocarcinoma.The early BE adenocarcinoma is divided into 4 stages:M1,M2,M3 and M4,according to the depth of tumor infiltration without expanding beyond mucosa.Because 90％ esophageal cancers are esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) in China,this consensus emphasizes the significance of screening BE and adenocarcinoma in esophageal cancers.The diagnosis of BE should meet the following criteria:under endoscopy,the normal distal squamous epithelial lining is replaced by columnar epithelial (SCJ is above the GEJ ≥ 1 cm),which is confirmed by histology.The lesion should be further assessed by electron staining endoscopy such as narrow band imaging (NBI),flexile spectral imaging color enhancement (FICE),i-scan,and endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) to choose the optimal therapy.Endoscopic resection such as endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) and endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) is preferred.Radiofrequency ablation (RFA),photodynamic therapy (PDT),cryotherapy,Argon plasma coagulation (APC) are alternative therapeutic regimens yet should be administrated cautiously.The standardized histologic result is very important,which can be used to assess the response effect,further treatment and follow-up schedule.It is recommended that the follow-up would better be done with high resolution endoscope.Patients without intestinal metaplasia in the four quadrants of BE and the length ＜ 3 cm is recommended to be excluded from the follow-up.BE with intestinal metaplasia ＜ 3 cm is recommended only follow-up for 3-5 years.BE and metaplasia ≥ 3 cm is recommended to be observed every 2-3 years.

中国巴雷特食管及其早期腺癌筛查与诊治共识(2017万宁)

食管癌发病率在我国大陆已居各类肿瘤第 3 位,死亡率居第 4 位 [1],越来越受到人们重视.食管癌在组织类型上分为食管鳞状细胞癌(简称食管鳞癌)和食管腺癌.虽然我国食管癌的组织类型以食管鳞癌为主,但是随着世界范围胃食管反流病的增加 [2],我国巴雷特食管(Barrett's esophagus)/ 食管下段柱状上皮化生和食管腺癌的发病率也在增加,同样威胁着人们的生命.并且有报道显示,在食管腺癌中有 80％ 与巴雷特食管密切相关 [3],而我国巴雷特食管的癌变率和西方国家相近,为 0.61％ 左右 [4].食管癌患者的预后与诊断时的肿瘤分期密切相关,所以对于早期食管腺癌的筛查是治愈食管腺癌和提高其生存率的关键所在,而对巴雷特食管的筛查、诊治是预防食管腺癌的关键所在.因此,制定我国的巴雷特食管、早期食管腺癌的筛查与诊治共识亦尤为重要.

Background:Lung cancer is the most common cancer related death in the world for the both male and female as well .Adenocarcinoma is the most common pathological type which is in increasing trend .With recent ad-vancement of screening of lung cancer with HRCT , GGO lesion has been noted frequently .GGO is a nonspecific finding that may be caused by various disorders , including inflammatory diseases , focal fibrosis , atypical adenoma-tous hyperplasia , bronchoalveolar carcinoma ( BAC) , and adenocarcinoma .This study intends to analyze the corre-lation between high resolutions computed tomography ( HRCT) findings and the pathological findings of lung adeno-carcinoma.Material and methods:Retrospective review of 16 cases of lung adenocarcinoma lesions after surgical resection.Tumors were defined as air containing type based on ratio of maximum dimension of the tumor on medias-tinal window to the maximum diameter of the tumor on lung window was≤50%and as solid density if the ratio was >50%.The correlation between CT findings ( homogenous/heterogeneous , airbronchogram , pleural tag , specula-tion, vascular involvement , pleural thickening , margin, shape ) and pathological findings were investigated .Re-sults:Of 3 air containing 2 were pre-invasive type and 1 was invasive .Among 13 solid density type all 13 were in-vasive type .Presence of speculation , heterogeneous appearance was found significantly associated with pathological invasion .Conclusion:Air containing type of small cells lung adenocarcinomas are preinvasive whereas solid densi-ties are invasive .Speculation and heterogeneous are significant factor in invasive adenocarcinoma .