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1 Introduction1.1 THE CONCEPT OF ANIMAL CARE.Ethics and the developing demand for relevant legislationDuring the late 19th Century there was an increasing concern in the UK with respect to a aspects of illtreatment of animals. This was reflected in the thinking of the research community and in 1871 The British Association For the Advancement of Science issued a set of basic principles of animal experimentation.This was a response to the growing awareness by the BA of the need for an ethical approach to biomedical research and for the considerate treatment of laboratory animals.
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Today's sophisticated biomedical research sometimes requires the use of laboratory animals raised in stable micronen vironments free from the microorganisms that may compromise the success of an experiment. Laboratory rodents can be obtained in one of several categories defined by the degree to which they harbour microflora, whether commensal, potentially pathogenic or pathogenic. It is now possible to specify the different species of organism that are tolerated and those that are not tolerated, In such model laboratory animals it is essential to raise and maintain them in circumstances under which microorganisms that would not be tolerated cannot enter the production system.
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医学论文撰写原则刍议:Ⅰ.一般原则,题目和引言
尽管每一篇医学论文都不相同,每一位作者都有自己的写作风格,用词习惯和逻辑分析模式,并根据不同杂志的要求,又有独特的写作格式,但是其中又有一定程度上的共同的撰写原则,例如每一篇论文都有相似的如下几部分:即题目、引言、材料与方法、结果与讨论、图表与参考文献.每一部分又有主要的几个要素组成.很明显,熟悉这些撰写原则,对于青年研究者,特别是研究生,能够撰写出较高质量和高水平的学术论文,将有很大帮助.
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医学学位论文撰写和答辩报告刍议
硕士和博士研究生培养制度是医学高层次人才选拔的重要措施之一.优秀的学位论文撰写和答辩是评价研究生培养水平的重要指标之一.优秀的学位论文和答辩的标准是什么?医学学位论文撰写和答辩准备的原则是什么?作者根据近年研究生培养中遇到的问题和积累的经验体会,阐述一些有关医学学位论文的撰写和答辩准备方面的个人观点和原则,希望能对提高研究生学位论文和答辩水平,特别是对提高国际学术刊物投稿的质量和水平有一定帮助.本文将首先讨论如何准备学位答辩报告,然后讨论如何撰写医学学位论文.