Objective To explore the prevention of IL-18 or anti-IL-18-mAb to the immune liver fibrosis model induced by repeated injection of concanavalin A in BALB/c mice and its mechanism. Methods Total of 120 BALB/c mice were divided into four groups, control group mice (Ga) were injected weekly with normal saline, concanavalin A group was divided into Gb, Gc, Gd. All mice were injected with concanavalin A (15 mg/kg) once a week. Moreover, Gc, Gd mice were injected weekly with IL-18 (7.5 mg/kg) and anti-IL-18-mAb (10 mg/kg) 2 hours before treatment with concanavalin A, respectively. Twenty-four hours after concanavalin A challenge at 1, 5, 12 and 20 weeks, 3 mice were killed by vena orbitalis, repectively. The sera were storaged at 4℃for detecting of up TNF-αand IFN-γby ELISA. The liver of mice in different groups were excised and fixed in 10%formalin for HE staining and Masson staining or frozen in liquid nitrogen for immunohistochemical staining forα-SMA. After extracting of total RNA from liver tissue, MMP-2 and TIMP-1 A messenger RNA were amplified by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Products were electrophoresed on agrose gel containing ethidium bromide and visualized under ultraviolet light. Densitometric RT-PCR data were standardized withβ-actin signals. Results After experiment, the number of dead mice of Ga, Gb, Gc and Gd were 0, 6, 15 and 3, respectively. There were significant difference on each group (P<0.05). At the fifth week of experiment, hepatocellular necrosis in IL-18 administered group mice had become widespread throughout the lobule. Evidence of liver fibrosis was observed during this period. However, at the twelfth week of experimemt, bridging fibrosis and large fibrosis strip in the parenchyma with hepatocellular necrosis was detectable in Gb, but at twentieth week, only the small fibrosis strip had been found in anti-IL-18-mAb administered group mice by HE staining and Masson staining. The serum levels of TNF-αand IFN-γin IL-18 administered group were higher than that in concanavalin A group and anti-IL-18 administered groups (P<0.05). Moreover, immunohistochemical staining forα-SMA indicated that the semi-quantu scores in IL-18 administered group were more than concanavalin A group and anti-IL-18-mAb administered groups (P<0.05). MMP-2-mRNA, TIMP-1-mRNA expression levels increased signifigantly compared with concanavalin A group and anti-IL-18-mAb administered group (P<0.05). Conclusions The immune liver fibrosis model induced by repeated injection of concanavalin A in BALB/c mice could be worsened by IL-18 administration and block by anti-IL-18 mAb administraion.

Astrocytes are intimately involved in the formation and development of retinal vessels. Astrocyte dysfunction is a major cause of blood-retinal barrier injury and other retinal vascular diseases. In this study, the development of the retinal vascular system and the formation of the blood-ret-inal barrier in mice were investigated using immunolfuorescence staining, gelatin-ink perfusion, and transmission electron microscopy. The results showed that the retinal vascular system of mice develops from the optic disc after birth, and radiates out gradually to cover the entire retina, taking the papilla optica as the center. First, the superifcial vasculature is formed on the inner retinal layer;then, the vasculature extends into the inner and outer edges of the retinal inner nuclear layer, forming the deep vasculature that is parallel to the superifcial vasculature. The blood-retinal barrier is mainly composed of endothelium, basal lamina and the end-feet of astrocytes, which become mature during mouse development. Initially, the naive endothelial cells were immature with few organelles and many microvilli. The basal lamina was uniform in thickness, and the glial end-feet surrounded the outer basal lamina incompletely. In the end, the blood-retinal barrier matures with smooth endothelia connected through tight junctions, rela-tively thin and even basal lamina, and relatively thin glial cell end-feet. These ifndings indicate that the development of the vasculature in the retina follows the rules of“center to periphery”and“superifcial layer to deep layers”. Its development and maturation are spatially and tempo-rally consistent with the functional performance of retinal neurons and photosensitivity. The blood-retinal barrier gradually becomes mature via the process of interactions between astro-cytes and blood vessel cells.

比较线栓法和电凝法制作小鼠大脑中动脉栓塞模型

目的:目前制作脑缺血模型的的方法主要包括四血管栓塞法、线栓法、光化学法等,每种方法都各有利弊.为了制作一个适合细胞移植治疗缺血性脑损伤的动物模型,本实验比较了电凝法和线栓法制作的小鼠大脑中动脉栓塞模型.方法:本实验采用电凝法和线栓法建立小鼠大脑中动脉栓塞模型.氯化三苯基四氮唑染色确定缺血坏死区.行为学实验评价模型的效果.结果:电凝组缺血坏死区局限在小鼠大脑皮质,而线栓法小鼠缺血坏死区的位置不恒定,而且成活率非常低,不能满足进一步的实验需求.在角落实验与圆筒实验,电凝组与假手术组之间有明显的行为学差异.结论:电凝法可成功建立大脑中动脉栓塞模型,为细胞移植治疗缺血性脑损伤奠定基础.

小鼠脑外伤后内源性硫化氢体系的变化

目的：探讨小鼠脑外伤(traumatic brain injury, TBI)后内源性硫化氢(hydrogen sulfide，H2S)体系的变化。方法：利用改良的自由落体装置建立小鼠TBI模型，使用亚甲基蓝法检测血浆及脑组织中内源性H2S浓度。 Western Blot技术观察内源性H2S合成酶胱硫醚-β-合成酶(cystathionine-beta-synthase，CBS)在小鼠TBI后不同时间(1 h、6 h、12 h、1 d、2 d、3 d、7 d)的表达变化。结果：脑组织内源性H2S浓度在小鼠TBI血清、脑皮质及海马组织中变化趋势一致，呈先降低后升高。TBI后大脑皮质和海马组织CBS表达随着外伤时程的延长逐渐降低。结论：内源性H2S在TBI的病理生理过程中起着重要的作用。

Objective: Ultrarapid freezing method (vitrification) is an alternative method for cryopreserving ovarian tissue. The feasibility of intact murine ovaries cryopreservation was studied by vitrification. Methods: Intact mouse ovaries were cryopreserved using vitrification method and slow freezing method. The morphological alterations after frozen-thawed procedure and the apoptosis rates of primordial follicles were evaluated by histological examniation and TUNEL technique, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was used to observe the ultrastructural changes. Results:The percentages of normal primordial follicles in frozen-thawed groups were significantly lower than that in the control group ( P＜0.001), while no statistical difference was found between vitrification group and slow freezing group (78.37%±4.34% vs 78.82%±3.13%). Moreover, the distribution of abnormalities (nucleus, cytoplasm, and nucleus and cytoplasm) was similar (P＞0.05) in these two groups. In the vitrification group, slow freezing group and the fresh control group, the percentages of the TUNEL-positive follicles were 16.37%, 13.29% and 21.36%, respeetively. The apoptosis rates in the two cryopreservation groups showed no significant difference ( P ＞ 0.05). After the freezing-thawing procedure, subeellular structure was well preserved in both freezing groups with smililar ultrastructural changes. Conclusion: Vitrification is a convenient and efficient approach for small ovarian tissue cryopreservation.

大鼠听力发育的研究（英）

The development of hearing varies in different ani-mals. Hearing depends on the development of a normal anatomic transformer (middle ear) and transducer (innerear), a central nervous system and its auditory afferentand efferent connections.Eighty Kunming strain mice were used in the study.These mice were equally divided into 8 groups accordingto their ages. The day numbers of age of each group wereP9 (the 9th postnatal day, P9), Pl0, P13, P14, P20,P40 and P70 (adult mice), respectively. Eight nerve ac-tion potential (AP) thresholds induced by click were ob-tained.

大鼠内耳胚胎和出生后的组织学研究（英）

The mouse labyrinth is an excellent model for study-ing the morphogenesis and cytodifferentiation of the mam-malian inner ear' s postnatal developmental periods andthe availability of numerous genetic mutants with a variety of inner ear abnormalities. There are many genes affectingthe inner ear of the mouse, and some of these lead to le-sions which resemble lesions occurring in man.

大鼠内耳发育过程表皮生长因子的表达（英）

Since the two independent discoveries in 1987 indi-cated that hair cells within cochlea of bircls were capableof spontaneous regeneration, recent observations havedemonstrated that, in response to injury, mammals pos-sess a limited capacity of regenerating inner ear sensoryepithelia, but the mechanism of regeneration is still tm-known. Lewfebvre (1993) and Lambert (1994) reportedrespectively that retininoic acid (RA) and transforminggrowth factor alpha (TGF-α) could stimulate hair cell re-generation in the mammalian inner ear. These studies in-dicated that the cellular factors participating the normaldevelopment of cells could play a critical role in the re-generative process of hair cells.Epidermal growth factor (EGF) plays a critical rolein proliferation and differentiation of normal cells and tis-sues and it is extensively expressed in many mature andembryonic tissues.

乙型肝炎病毒转基因模型小鼠的研究进展

It is vital to build an ideal animal model in studying diseases.This is also true of the case of hepatitis B.It is not only for the study of the infection or pathogenic mechanism of hepatitis B,but for the screening of anti-HBV agents.Tranagenic mouse has been featured as the most idealistic model organisms.This literature review focuses on the methods of establishing tranagenic mice model of hepatitis B virus in human and compares their characteristics.

Genetics of Otitis Media (OM): OM is affected by multiple factors including eustachian tube (ET) structure and function, immune status, innate mucosal defense, genetic susceptibility, and pathogens.