AIM To evaluate the expression of CD44v3 and v6 protein in colorectal carcinoma and its prognosticsignificance.METHODS One hundred and twenty-one cases of formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded colorectal carcinomaspecimens were retrospectively analyzed using EnvisionTM immunohistochemical method with the monoclonalantibody CD44v3 and v6. The median follow-up time was 67.77 months and the prognostic value of theCD44v3 and CD44v6 was assessed using univariate and multivariate survival analysis.RESULTS The positive rates of CD44v3 and v6 protein were 60.3% and 57.9%, respectively. There wassignificant correlation between CD44v3 immunoreactivity and tumor location, lymph node metastasis, distantmetastasis and Duke's stage (P< 0.05, Spearman correlation test). Significant correlation between CD44v6immunoreactivity and patients' gender, lymph node metastasis, distant metastasis, Duke's stage was alsonoticed (P < 0.05, Spearman correlation test). The 5-year survival rates were 81.25% and 60.27% inCD44v3 negative and positive cases, respectively. As CD44v6, the 5-year survival rates were 80.39% and60.00% in CD44v6 negative and positive cases, respectively; these differences between the two groups ofpatients were significant (P<0.05, Log-rank test). In multivariate analysis using the Cox regression model,CD44v3 expression emerges as an independent prognostic indicator.CONCLUSION CD44v3 and v6 might play some important roles in metastasis of colorectal carcinoma, andCD44v3 expression might be a new useful independent prognostic marker of colorectal carcinoma.

To investigate the significance of E- cadherin (E-cad) and CD44v6 expression in human hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs). Methods: An immunohistochemical method was used to detect E-cad and CD44v6 expression in 66 cases of HCCs. Results: The positive rates of E-cad and CD44v6 expression in human HCCs were 42.4%(28/66) and 39.4%(26/66), respectively. There was an inverse correlation between E-cad expression and invasive and metastatic potential of HCCs (P<0.01), and a positive correlation between the CD44v6 expression and invasive and metastatic potential of HCCs (P<0.01). Moreover, the 5-year survival rate in the E-cad-positive group was higher than in E-cad-negative group (P<0.01), and that in the CD44v6-positive group was lower than in the CD44v6-negative expression group (P<0.05). Conclusion: these data show a possible association between E-cad and CD44v6 expression and the potential of invasion and metastasis in HCCs. E-cad and CD44v6 expression may be used as an auxiliary prognostic indicator in HCCs.

Alveolar echinococcosis (AE) of liver associated with simultaneous lung and brain metastases is rare clinically. During a period of 15 years (1985-2000), 2 (1.9%) of 103 cases with liver AE diagnosed at our laboratory were associated with simultaneous lung or brain metastases.1 They were confirmed pathologically through surgical biopsy or autopsy respectively, and reported as follows.

可调式中空人工椎体置换缓解脊柱转移性肿瘤疼痛及恢复脊髓功能障碍的观察

Objective To observe the results of the metastasis of spinal vertebra treated by replacedment with the adjustable hollow artificial vertebral body.Method An adjustable hollow artificial vertebral body made from medial used titanium.12 patients with the metastasis of vertebral body were treated by this technique.The relief of the pain of function of spinal cord were moinitored.The stability of the operated segments was observed.Results The patients were followed up from 6 to 34 months.The neurological functions were improved markedly,esp.for the pain relieving.The implants were stalbe and the reconstruction of the segment highness was observed on the X ray films.Conclusion The height of anterior column and the stability of the operated segments can be reconstructed by implanting the adjustable hollow artificial vertebral body.This technique may be an alternative method for the management of the metastasis in spinal vertebral body.

Mediastinal lymph node metastasis (N2disease) based on the lobar location of lung squamous cell carcinoma

To explore the rule of N2 disease based on the lobar location of lung squamous cell carcinoma. Methods: A retrospective review of CT and clinical data of 438 patients with lung squamous cell carcinoma had been studied. To statistic the rate of N2 disease of different lobar location of lung squamous cell carcinoma. Results：The incidence and location of N2 disease of the 438 patients based on the location of the primary squamocellular carcinoma was as follows: for right upper lobe cancers, 25% had N2 disease, most commonly in the 4R(36%); 16% cases of right middle lobe had N2 and most commonly in the 4R(50％) and the 7th station (50%);30% cases of right lower lobe mass had N2 diseases and,most commonly in the 4R(31%)and the7th station (34%);left upper lobe, had 21% N2, most commonly in the 6th station(50%);and left lower lobe,24%,most commonly in the 7th station(43%).Skip metastases (no N1, but N2) was appeared at left upper lobe lesions only. Patients with right-sided cancers have the similar incidence to have N2 disease (71/271, 26%) as comparing with patients who had left-sided lesions (36/167, 22%)(P>0.05).Incidence of N2 diseases in right low lobe was more higher than other lobe, but have no significant difference compared to that of right upper lobe and left low lobe(P>0.05).Incidence of N2 diseases in right middle lobe was the lowest when compared to that of other lobe(P<0.05).Conclusion: There is a distinct predilection for the location of N2 disease based on the lobar location of primary lung squamous cell cancer. The location of lymph nodes metastasis had important rule in the classification and surgical dissection of lung squamous cell carcinoma.

DOT1L-long enhances breast cancer metastasis

Objective · To investigate the histone methyltransferase capability of DOT1L-long form and its role in breast cancer metastasis.Methods · The existence of DOT1L-long form was confirmed by PCR, and the mRNA level of DOT1L was tested by real-time PCR. In HEK293T cells in which DOT1L canonical and DOT1L-long were overexpressed respectively, Western blotting was used to test the expression level of DOT1L and the histone methyltransferase capability. In the MCF10A cell line with inducible expression of DOT1L-long, real-time PCR was used to detect the mRNA level of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) marker, and transwell assay was used to detect the migration of breast cancer cells in which the expression level of DOT1L is low or high. Results · PCR demonstrated the existence of DOT1L-long form, and real-time PCR showed it widely exists in HCT116, T98G, MCF10A cells, etc. Western blotting showed the expression of DOT1L-long form and its H3K79 methyltransferase activity. In MCF10A cells in which overexpressed canonical DOT1L and DOT1L-long, mRNA levels of N-cadherin and fibronectine increased. Transwell showed canonical DOT1L and DOT1L-long both substantially increased the migration of breast cancer cells. Conclusion · The existence of DOT1L-long was confirmed and investigated, which is 202 amino acids longer than the canonical DOT1L, and is coded by a new exon, located between exon 27 and 28. Further, the DOT1L-long has H3K79 methyltransferase activity, and is able to promote breast cancer metastasis.

Objective:Very low density lipoprotein receptor (VLDLR) has been considered as a multiple function receptor due to binding numerous ligands, causing endocytosis and regulating cel ular signaling. Our group previously reported that type II VLDLR overexpression in breast cancer tissues. The purpose of this study is to characterize type II VLDLR activities during cel migration using breast cancer cel lines. Methods:Western blotting was used to test protein expression. Cel migration was analyzed by Scratch wound assay. The mRNA expression was tested by realtime-PCR. Reporter assay was to test the transcription activity. Results:Scratch wound and Report assay indicated up-regulated VLDLR II expression promotes cel migration via activating Wnt/β-catenin pathway. The target genes such as VEGF, MMP2 and MMP7 were upregulated in VLDLR II overexpressed cel s. On the contrary, cel s treated with TFPI had an inhibition ef ect of cel migration response to down-regulation of VLDLR II. Conclusion:Type II VLDLR conferred a migration and invasion advantage by activating Wnt/β-catenin pathway, then up-regulating VEGF, MMP2 and MMP7 in breast cancer cel s.

人原发性胃恶性淋巴瘤裸鼠原位移植肝转移模型的建立

Background and Objective: In recent years, incidence and mortality of lymphoma are markedly increasing worldwide. However, the pathogenesis and mechanism of invasion and metastasis for lymphoma are not yet fully clarified. It is mainly due to the lack of ideal animal models, which can precisely simulate the invasion and metastasis of lymphoma in the human body. So, it is very necessary to establish a highly metastatic nude mouse model of human lymphoma. This study developed a liver-metastatic model of primary gastric lymphoma in nude mice by using orthotopic surgical implantation of histologically intact patient specimens into the corresponding organs of the recipient small animals. Methods: A histologically intact fragment of liver metastasis derived from a surgical specimen of a patient with primary gastric lymphoma was implanted into the submucosa of the stomach in nude mice. Tumorigenicity, invasion, metastasis, morphologic characteristics (via light microscopy, electron microscopy, and immunohistochemistry), karyotype analysis, and DNA content of the orthotopically transplanted tumors were studied. Results: An orthotopic liver metastatic model of human primary gastric lymphoma in nude mice (termed HGBL-0304) was successfully established. The histopathology of the transplanted tumors showed primary gastric diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. CD19, CD20, CD22, and CD79a were positive, but CD3 and CD7 were negative. The serum level of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) was elevated [(1010.56± 200.85) U/L]. The number of chromosomes ranged from 75 to 89. The DNA index (Dl) was 1.45 ± 0.25 (that is, heteroploid). So far, the HGBL-0304 model has been passed on for 45 generations of nude mice. A total of 263 nude mice were used for the transplantation. Both the growth and resuscitation rates of liquid nitrogen cryopreservation of the transplanted tumors were 100%. The transplanted tumors autonomically invasively grew and damaged a whole layer in the stomach of nude mice. The metastasis rates of liver, spleen, lymph node, and peritoneal seeding were 100%, 94.3%, 62.6%, and 43.5%, respectively. Conclusions: The study successfully establishes an orthotopic liver metastatic model of human primary gastric lymphoma in nude mice. The HGBL-0304 model can completely simulate the natural clinical process of primary gastric lymphoma and provides an ideal animal model for the research on the biology of metastasis and antimetastatic experimental therapies of primary gastric lymphoma.

This perspective article highlights the leukocyte-cancer cellhybrid theory as a mechanism for cancer metastasis. Beginning from the first proposal of the theory more than a century ago and continuing today with the first proof for this theory in a human cancer, the hybrid theory offers a unifying explanation for metastasis. In this scenario, leukocyte fusion with a cancer cellis a secondary disease superimposed upon the early tumor, giving birth to a new, malignant cellwith a leukocyte-cancer cellhybrid epigenome.

Bmi-1, a polycomb Group Protein, Plays an Essential Role in tumorigenesis and Metastasis

Dysregulation of polycomb group protein Bmi-1 expression has been linked with an invasive phenotype of certain human cancers and poor prog-nosis of patients; however, the underlying mechanisms are poorly under-stood. Here, we demonstrate that Bmi-1 expression is inversely correlated with E-cadherin expression in various cancers.

非典型性肺炎的分子诊断

The emergence of nucleic acid-based molecular techniques has significantly enhanced laboratory diagnosis and monitoring of atypical pneumonia. These techniques have not only provided rapid and sensitive detection of fastidious microbial organisms but have also played critical roles in identifying and characterizing emerging patho gens that cause atypical pneumonia. Other benefits that molecular techniques can bring to the field include organ ism differentiation, quantitation, typing, and antibiotic resistance profiles. Gradually becoming standardized and widely available, the future will see some promising molecular methods become a mainstay in clinical laboratories for recognition and diagnosis of atypical pneumonia pathogens.

Objective: To investigate the relationships between angiogenesis and development, metastasis as well as prognosis of thyroid carcinoma. Methods:48 cases of thyroid carcinoma and 5 cases of thyroid adenoma were studied.Density of microvessels of the tumors were identified by immunohistochemical staining in formalin -fixed and paraffin-embedded sections with anti-CD34 monoclonal antibody, and counted microscopically (×200).Results :The mean value of MVD in tumors＞2cm in diameter was (174.92±72.63)/field, while that in tumors≤2cm was ( 117.40± 39.95)/field ( t = 3.3298, P = 0.0026).The number of microvessels was also significantly different in respect to the histotype of the thyroid carcinomas, such as papillary thyroid carcinoma(PTC), follicular thyroid carcinoma(FTC)and medullary thyroid carcinoma(MTC) ( F = 14. 95, P = 0. 0001), but not significantly different in respect to patients'age nor sex ( P＞0.05). Conclusions:By studying microvessel density (MVD) of thyroid arcinomas and correlated with their clinical features and biological behaviors, it is concluded that ngiogenesis is important in tumor growth and metastasis as well as prognosis of thyroid carcinomas. Measures to combat angiogenesis may be beneficial in the treatment for thyroid carcinomas.

Objective:To explore the expression of ezrin and its signiifcance in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Methods:The expression of ezrin in 81 NSCLC patients were examined by immunohistochemical staining Envision method, and its relationships with the clinopathologic features and other indexes were analyzed. Results:The high expression rate of ezrin in NSCLC was 59.26% (48/81) and significantly correlated with lymph node metastasis (P < 0.05), but not associated with gender, histologic subtype, differentiation, TNM stages or smoking. The K-M survival analysis demonstrated that patients with the over-expression of ezrin were obviously poorer than those with low-expression of ezrin (P<0.05). Conclusion:The expression of ezrin may be associated with metastasis of NSCLC, can be as an important marker for evaluating the prognosis of NSCLC patients.