INTRODUCTIONMacrophages play an important role in tumor lysis and growth inhibition. They can be activated to a tumoricidal state by a variety of agents such as IFNr, TNFa or IL2. The killing machanisms of activated macrophages have been extensively investigated[1,2]. Recently, it has been proved that antibody dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) is one of the potent arms to lyse tumor cells resistant to cytotoxic macrophages,and that the antitumorous effect of a macrophage activator is significantly augmented by the combined use of mAbs capable of inducing ADCC to tumor cells[3].

AIM To evaluale the potential role of P-selectin and anti-P-selectin monoclonal antibody (mAb) in apoptosis during hepatic/renal ischemiareperfusion injury.METHODS Plasma P-selectin level, hepatic/renal P-selectin expression and cell apoptosis were detected in rat model of hepatic/ renal ischemia-reperfusion injury. ELISA, immunohistochemistry and TUNEL were used. Some ischemia-reperfusion rats were treated with antiP-selectin mAb.RESULTS Hepatic/ renal function insufficiency, up-regulated expression of P-selectin in plasma and hepatic/renal tissue, hepatic/renal histopathological damages and cell apoptosis were found in rats with hepatic/renal ischemiareperfusion injury, while these changes became less conspicuous in animals treated with anti-Pselectin mAb.CONCLUSION P-selectin might mediate neutrophil infiltration and cell apoptosis and contribute to hepatic/renal ischemia-reperfusion injury, anti-P-selectin mAb might be an efficient approach for the prevention and treatment of hepatic/renal ischemia-reperfusion injury.

Objective To investigate if immunological factors associated with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) affect the result of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) screening by electrochemiluminescence immunoassay (ECLIA) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).
Methods 100 RA cases were enrolled from January 2012 to February 2013 into this study. HIV screening was conducted with ECLIA detecting both HIV-1 p24 antigen, HIV-1 and HIV-2 antibodies, with ELISA and colloidal gold method detecting HIV-1 and HIV-2 antibodies. The samples producing positive results were submitted to the Center for Disease Control for confirmation using Western blotting method. The antibody titers of rheumatoid factors (RF) including RF-IgG, RF-IgM, RF-IgA, and CCP-IgG were analyzed by ELISA.
Results The HIV positive-rate determined by ECLIA was significantly higher than that by ELISA and colloidal gold method (P<0.01). The false-positive rate of HIV screening was associated with antibody titers of RF-IgG, RF-IgM, RF-IgA, and CCP-IgG in RA (P<0.01).
Conclusion Immunological factors, including RF and anti-CCP antibody, may influence the screening of HIV by ECLIA, producing false-positive result.

AbstrAct Immunotherapy has become a key strategy for cancer treatment, and two immune checkpoints, namely, programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) and its ligand (PD-L1), have recently emerged as important targets. hTe interaction blockade of PD-1 and PD-L1 demonstrated promising activity and antitumor effcacy in early phase clinical trials for advanced solid tumors such as non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Many cell types in multiple tissues express PD-L1 as well as several tumor types, thereby suggesting that the ligand may play important roles in inhibiting immune responses throughout the body. hTerefore, PD-L1 is a critical immunomodulating component within the lung microenvironment, but the correlation between PD-L1 expression and prognosis is controversial. More evidence is required to support the use of PD-L1 as a potential predictive biomarker. Clinical trials have measured PD-L1 in tumor tissues by immunohistochemistry (IHC) with different antibodies, but the assessment of PD-L1 is not yet standardized. Some commercial antibodies lack speciifcity and their reproducibility has not been fully evaluated. Further studies are required to clarify the optimal IHC assay as well as to predict and monitor the immune responses of the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway.

Objective:To comprehend the characteristics of patients with positive human immunodeifciency virus (HIV) (1+2) antibodies in the preliminary screening so as to provide basis for local HIV screening and prevention. Methods:Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to detect serum HIV (1 +2) antibodies in the preliminary screening, after which the positive serum was sent to acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) confirmatory laboratory to be confirmed with western blotting method. Clinical data of patients with positive HIV antibodies in the preliminary screening in the outpatients and inpatients from 2006 to 2013 were collected and analyzed. Results:A total of 394 patients with positive serum HIV antibodies were screened initially, in which 214 were confirmed positive HIV, 13 were not certain and another 167 were negative. Patients with positive serum HIV antibodies in the preliminary screening were increased from 9 cases in 2006 to 94 cases in 2013, in which those conifrmed with positive HIV increased from 5 to 49. Patients with positive serum HIV antibodies in the preliminary screening and those conifrmed increased annually. In addition, patients confirmed with positive serum HIV antibodies were mainly males and aged 20 ~ 49 years, distributing in Departments of Infections, Respiratory, Dermatology, Hematology and Emergency, whereas those confirmed with negative HIV were mainly females and aged >20 years, distributing in Departments of Hematology, Maternity and Emergency as well as Reproductive Center. Conclusion: HIV infection is in low level with characteristics of annually increasing infection rate, male-orientated and wide-spread distribution in variuos departments, etc., knowing which will help guide the clinical practices and carry out the local HIV screening and prevention by relevant departments.