The dielectric properties in vitro present characteristic changes along with the alteration of metabolic activities, which can be detected from tissue micro-structure. The dielectric properties of tissues are closely related to its viability, but the relationship remains unclear to us. This study aims to specify the relationship between dielectric parameters and microstructure of living tissues and to try to explain the influence of tissue viability on dielectric properties. Nine rabbits were studied in this experiment. The impedance spectroscopy (10 Hz-1 MHz) and microstructure were determined at different time intervals (from 5 min to 7 h) after samples were prepared. Some characteristic parameters were extracted to analyze the relationship between them. The inactivation process characterized by the microstructurs could be detected by means of dielectric parameters:the microstructures had no obvious change within 30 min and cell swelling caused by osmosis led to the decrease of extracellular ion concentration, resulting in the rise of lowfrequency imped ance after 30 min. The reduction of impedance was accompanied by the expanding intercellular area and irregular cell shape caused by the gradual destruction of cell membrane.The functions between alteration rate of intercellular area and Cole-Cole model parameters were also established. There is a strong correlative relationship between dielectric properties and microstructure. The dielectric spectrum can be a rapid and innocuous method to monitor the status of tissues. In the future, it may be of great help for clinical application, especially in transplantation.

Objective:To investigate the influence of different right ventricular (RV) pacing sites on QRS width, and to provide a potential reference site for permanent right ventricular pacing in patients implanted with permanent pacemakers. Pacing at the site with the shortest QRS duration may reduce the deleterious effects of RV pacing on LV function, and thus having beneficial effects on patient's outcome. Methods: All consecutive patients who were planned to have permanent pacemaker implantation for a Class I or IIa indication at our department from October 2010 to July 2012 were screened for the participation in this prospective, single center, non-randomized study. The baseline surface ECG was analyzed for QRS width and morphology, respectively. During the implantation procedure patients were transiently paced at different RV locations (right ventricular apex, right ventricular inflow tract [RVIT], mid septum, high septum and right ventricular outflow tract [RVOT]) before the lead was placed at its final position. During pacing at the different positions the surface 12-leads ECG was recorded. Based on the surface of ECG QRS duration and morphology of the different right ventricular pacing sites were analyzed and compared with baseline and to each other. Results: A total of 216 patients (39% female, mean age 69 ± 13 years, higher degree AV block 30.5%) was enrolled in the study. Paced QRS duration was significantly different between all right ventricular pacing sites compared with the baseline ECG (baseline:106 ms±21 ms;mean paced:158 ms±16 ms;p<0.001). RVA pacing showed the widest QRS (168 ms±16 ms). QRS duration with RVIT pacing was 166 ms±15 ms, and that with RVOT pacing was 165 ms ± 15 ms, respectively. QRS duration was not significantly different between these three positions. Mid-septal pacing showed the narrowest QRS (139 ms±19 ms) compared to all other pacing sites (p<0.001). Pacing at the high-septum showed a broader QRS (153 ms ± 14 ms) than that pacing at the mid-
septum. Compared to other right ventricular pacing sites, QRS morphology at the mid-septum was close to normal, and electrical axis was unchanged as compared to baseline. Conclusion: Pacing at different right ventricular sites showed the significant widening of QRS compared to baseline. The shortest QRS duration was seen with mid-septal pacing. Therefore, mid-septal pacing may have less deleterious effect on LV function compared to other RV pacing locations, which may be the optimal right ventricular pacing site in permanent pacemaker recipients.

Objective: This study aims to explore the association between the density of Himalayan marmot (Marmota himalayana) and climatic factors such as temperature, precipitation, humidity, vapour pressure, sunshine percentage, wind velocity, which are closely associated with global climate change, and to provide a reference for plague prevention and control. Methods: We conducted a regression analysis to find the possible climate factors associated with the density of Himalaya marmot, and analyzed the response characters of Himalayan marmot to climate change. Results:Daily precipitation days (>=0.1 mm) and sunshine percentage were significantly associated with the density of Himalayan marmot ( p<0.01). Conclusion:Climate change was associated with the risk of plague. This phenomenon is valuable for Himalayan marmot and plague prevention. More studies are needed to understand the impact of climate change on Himalayan marmot and plague.

A new wavelet variance analysis method based on window function is proposed to investigate the dynamical features of electroencephalogram (EEG).The ex-prienmental results show that the wavelet energy of epileptic EEGs are more discrete than normal EEGs, and the variation of wavelet variance is different between epileptic and normal EEGs with the increase of time-window width. Furthermore, it is found that the wavelet subband entropy (WSE) of the epileptic EEGs are lower than the normal EEGs.

This paper reports some experimental detecting results of pollutants in the atmosphere by means of laser mass spectrometry. For toluene as calibration gas, the calibration procedure was also given. Benzene, toluene and xylene were discovered in testing indoor atmosphere resulting from dope in the course of fitment. Meanwhile, it is noticeable that the concentration of various harmful elements is obviously decreasing as time goes on.

Biodegradable polymeric nanoparticles are more and more frequently used in drug delivery systems, which represent one of the most rapidly developing areas. In our previous study, a novel natural hybrid polyester, polyethylene glycol 200 (PEG200) end-capped poly (3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyhexanoate) (PHBHHx-PEG) was directly produced by Aeromonas hydrophila fermentation. In this study, the performance of the novel biodegradable PHBHHx-PEG copolyester as a sustained release carrier for hydrophobic drugs with different molecular weights and the in vitro sustained release profile were investigated. 5-Fluorouracil (5-Fu, Mw=130.1), TGX221 (Mw=364.4), and Rapamycin (RAP, Mw=914.2) were used as the model drugs. PHBHHx-PEG nanoparticles entrapped with 5-Fu, TGX221 and RAP were fabricated by a modified emulsification/solvent evaporation method, respectively. The average diameter of 5-Fu, TGX221, and RAP loaded PHBHHx-PEG nanoparticles was between 198.2-217.4 nm, and the entrapment efficiency of the three drugs was 62.5%, 93.4% and 91.9%, respectively. The in vitro release profiles of 5-Fu, TGX221 and RAP from PHBHHx-PEG nanoparticles were different. 5-Fu showed faster release rate and an obvious initial burst release phase. TGX221 and RAP were demonstrated to be released more slowly and steadily. The release percentages of 5-Fu, TGX221 and RAP were 97.7%, 85.1%and 74.7%after releasing for 72 h. PHBHHx-PEG is a kind of promising material as a carrier for the entrapment and delivery of hydrophobic drugs especially for those drugs with high molecular weight.

This paper presents the knee-joint vibration signal processing and pathological localization procedures using the empirical mode decomposition for patients with chondromalacia patellae. The artifacts of baseline wander and random noise were identified in the decomposed monotonic trend and intrinsic mode functions (IMF) using the modeling method of probability density function and the confidence limit criterion. Then, the fluctuation parts in the signal were detected by the signal method turning for count. The results demonstrated that the quality of reconstructed signal can be greatly improved, with the removal of the baseline wander (adaptive trend) and the Gaussian distributed random noise. By detecting the turn signals in the artifact-free signal, the pathological segments related to chondromalacia patellae can be effectively localized with the beginning and ending points of the span of turn signals.